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Front | Back |
What is the study of structures of the body that are visible to the naked eye? | Gross anatomy |
What is the tendency of the body to maintain an internal state of dynamic equilibrium? | Homeostasis |
The structure and function of an organism result from the ____ to which the population adapted in the course of its evolution. | Selection pressures |
Homeostasis is normally maintained by cycles of self-correcting physiological responses called | Negative feedback |
An organ is an anatomical structure made of at least two kinds of | Tissues |
Structures within a cell that carry out specific functions for it are called | Organelles |
A structure that carries out the body's ultimate response to a stimulus is called an | Effector |
What is the separation of wastes from the tissues and their elimination from the body? | Excretion |
What suggests a method for answering a question? | Hypothesis |
Primates are defined in part by the presence of ____, which makes the hand as a whole ____, or able to grasp things by encircling them. | Opposable, prehensile |
Oldest known bipedal primates | Australopithecus |
The family to which all living and extinct bipedal primates belong. | Hominidae |
Disease, predators, and competition, for example | Selection pressures |
Combined the findings of Aristotle and Galen with original discoveries; wrote The Canon of Medicine | Avicenna |
Of the Parts of Animals | Aristotle |
The basic pathway for a nerve impulse is described by the stimulus response model
- A stimulus is a change in the environment (either external or internal) that is detected by a receptor
- Receptors transform environmental stimuli into electrical nerve impulses
- These impulses are then transmitted via neurons to the central nervous system where decision-making occurs
- When a response is selected (consciously or unconsciously), the signal is transmitted via neurons to effectors
- Effectors are organs (either muscles or glands) that produce a response to a stimulus
- A response is a change in the organism resulting from the detection of a stimulus
Overview of the Stimulus-Response Pathway
Three types of neurons are required to transmit information via the stimulus-response pathway:
- Sensory neurons transmit information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system (CNS)
- Relay neurons (interneurons) transmit information within the CNS as part of the decision-making process
- Motor neurons transmit information from the CNS to effectors (muscles or glands), in order to initiate a response
While these three types of neurons share common features, their basic structure may differ slightly according to their function
- This includes their length, cell body (soma) position and the comparative distribution of dendrites and axon terminals
Types of Nerve Cells