This is a table of
skeletal muscles of the human anatomy.
There are around 650 skeletal muscles within the typical human
body.[1][2][3] Almost every muscle constitutes one part of a pair of
identical bilateral muscles, found on both sides, resulting in approximately 320 pairs of muscles, as presented in this article. Nevertheless, the exact number is difficult to define. Different sources group muscles differently, regarding what is defined as different parts of a single muscle or as several muscles. There are also
vestigial muscles that are present in some people but absent in others, such as palmaris longus
muscle.[4][5]
The muscles of the human body can be categorized into a number of groups which include muscles relating to the head and neck, muscles of the torso or trunk, muscles of the upper limbs, and
muscles of the lower limbs.
The action refers to the action of each muscle from the standard anatomical position. In other positions, other actions may be performed.
These muscles are described using anatomical terminology. The term "muscle" is
omitted from muscle names (except when a muscle is an origin or insertion), and the term "bone" is omitted from bone names. The terms "artery" and "nerve" are both used when these structures are mentioned.
Head[edit]
Forehead/eyelid[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
occipitofrontalis
| 2 occipital bellies and 2 frontal bellies
| epicranial aponeurosis
|
| facial nerve [CNVII]
| raises eyebrows
|
|
occipitalis
| superior nuchal line of occipital bone, mastoid part of
temporal bone
| occipital artery
| posterior auricular nerve (facial nerve [CNVII])
| retracts scalp
|
|
frontalis
| skin of eyebrow and glabella
| ophthalmic artery
| temporal branch of facial nerve [CNVII]
| wrinkles eyebrow
|
|
orbicularis oculi
| orbital part: frontal bone palpebral part: medial palpebral ligament lacrimal part: posterior crest of
lacrimal bone
| orbital part: lateral palpebral raphe palpebral part: lateral palpebral raphe lacrimal part: Edges of eyelids
| ophthalmic artery, zygomatico-orbital artery, angular artery
| zygomatic branch of facial nerve [CNVII]
| closes eyelids
| levator palpebrae superioris
|
corrugator supercilii
| nasal part of frontal bone
| intermediate third of skin of eyebrow
| ophthalmic artery
| zygomatic branch of facial nerve [CNVII]
| moves skin of forehead medially and inferiorly (towards root of nose)
|
|
depressor supercilii
| nasal part of frontal bone, medial rim of orbit
| medial third of skin of eyebrow
|
| moves skin of eyebrows inferiorly
|
|
[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
levator palpebrae superioris
| sphenoid bone
| tarsal plate, upper eyelid
| ophthalmic artery
| oculomotor nerve [CNIII]
| retracts and elevates eyelid
| orbicularis oculi
|
superior tarsal
| underside of levator palpebrae superioris
| superior tarsal plate of eyelid
| sympathetic nervous system
| raises upper eyelid
|
|
Rectus muscles
|
superior
| annulus of Zinn at orbital apex
| 7.5 mm superior to corneal limbus
| ophthalmic artery
| superior branch of oculomotor nerve [CNIII]
| elevates, adducts, and medially rotates eye
|
|
inferior
| 6.5 mm inferior to corneal limbus
| inferior branch of oculomotor nerve [CNIII]
| depresses and adducts eye
|
|
medial
| 5.5 mm medial to corneal limbus
| inferior branch of oculomotor nerve [CNIII]
| adducts eye
|
|
lateral
| 7 mm temporal to corneal limbus
| abducens nerve [CNVI]
| abducts eye
|
|
Oblique muscles
|
superior
| annulus of Zinn at orbital apex, medial to optic canal
| outer posterior quadrant of eyeball
| lateral muscular branch of ophthalmic artery
| trochlear nerve [CNIV]
| intorts, abducts, and depress eye
|
|
inferior
| orbital surface of maxilla, lateral to lacrimal groove
| laterally onto eyeball, deep to lateral rectus, by a short flat tendon
|
| oculomotor nerve [CNIII]
| extorts, elevates, and abducts eye
|
|
Ear[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
temporoparietalis
| auriculares muscles
| epicranial aponeurosis
|
| facial nerve [CNVII]
|
|
|
Auriculares
|
auricularis anterior
| temporal fascia
| front of helix of ear
| posterior auricular artery
| facial nerve [CNVII]
| pulls auricle forwards
|
|
auricularis superior
| epicranial aponeurosis
| dorsocranial surface of auricle
| pulls auricle upwards
|
|
auricularis posterior
| mastoid process of temporal bone, tendon of
sternocleidomastoid
| dorsal part of auricle
| pulls auricle backwards
|
|
Muscles of inner ear
|
stapedius
| tip of pyramid of middle ear
| neck of stapes
| stapedial branch of posterior auricular artery
| facial nerve [CNVII]
| reduces movement of stapes, controls amplitude of sound waves to inner ear
|
|
tensor tympani
| Eustachian tube
| handle of malleus
| superior tympanic artery
| medial pterygoid nerve from mandibular nerve [CNV3]
| tenses tympanic membrane, controls amplitude of sound waves to inner ear
|
|
Nose[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArtery NerveActionAntagonist
procerus muscle
| fascia over lower part of nasal bone
| skin of lower part of forehead between eyebrows
| facial artery
| buccal branch of facial nerve [CNVII]
| draws down medial angle of eyebrow (giving expressions of frowning)
|
|
depressor septi nasi
| incisive fossa of maxilla
| nasal septum and back part of alar part of nasalis
| superior labial artery
| depresses nasal septum
|
|
levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
| frontal process of maxilla
| nostril and upper lip
| superior labial artery
| dilates nostril, elevates upper lip,
elevates wing of nose
|
|
nasalis
|
transverse part (compressor naris)
| alveolar yoke of canine tooth
| lateral nasal cartilage
| superior labial artery
| buccal branch of facial nerve [CNVII]
| compresses nostrils
|
|
alar part (dilator naris)
| alveolar yoke of lateral incisor tooth, greater and lesser alar cartilages
| skin near margin of nostril
| dilates nostrils
|
|
Mouth[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
levator anguli oris (caninus)
| maxilla
| modiolus of mouth
| facial artery
| facial nerve [CNVII]
| elevates angle of mouth (smile)
|
|
depressor anguli oris (triangularis)
| tubercle of mandible
| mandibular branch of facial nerve [CNVII]
| depresses angle of mouth (frown)
|
|
levator labii superioris
| medial part of infra-orbital margin of maxilla
| skin and muscle of upper lip (labii superioris)
| superior labial artery
| buccal branch of facial nerve [CNVII]
| elevates upper lip
|
|
depressor labii inferioris
| oblique line of mandible, between symphysis and mental foramen
| integument of lower lip, orbicularis oris fibers, its fellow of opposite side
| inferior labial artery
| mandibular branch of facial nerve [CNVII]
| depresses lower lip
|
|
mentalis
| alveolar yoke of lower, lateral incisor tooth, found on anterior mandible
| skin of chin
| elevates and wrinkles skin of chin, protrudes lower lip
|
|
buccinator
| alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible,
pterygomandibular raphe
| fibres of orbicularis oris
| buccal artery
| buccal branch of facial nerve [CNVII]
| compress cheeks against teeth (blowing), mastication
|
|
orbicularis oris
| maxilla and mandible
| skin around lips
| superior labial artery, inferior labial artery
| puckers lips
|
|
risorius
| parotid fascia
| modiolus of mouth
| facial artery
| draw back angle of mouth
|
|
Zygomatic muscles
|
major
| zygomatic bone in region of zygomaticomaxillary suture
| modiolus of mouth
| facial artery
| buccal branch of facial nerve [CNVII]
| draws angle of mouth upward and laterally
|
|
minor
| skin of upper lip
| elevates upper lip
|
|
Mastication[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
masseter
| anterior two-thirds of inferior margin of zygomatic arch and maxilla
| angle of mandible, masseteric tuberosity of mandible
| masseteric artery
| masseteric nerve from mandibular nerve [CNV3]
| elevates and retracts mandible (closes of mouth)
| platysma
|
temporalis
| temporal lines on parietal bone of skull
| coronoid process of mandible
| deep temporal arteries
| deep temporal nerves from mandibular nerve [CNV3]
|
Pterygoid muscles
|
lateral
| greater wing of sphenoid and lateral pterygoid process
| condyloid process of mandible
| pterygoid branches of maxillary artery
| external pterygoid nerve from mandibular nerve [CNV3]
| depresses mandible
|
|
medial
| deep head: medial side of lateral pterygoid plate behind upper teeth superficial head: pyramidal process of palatine bone and
maxillary tuberosity
| medial angle of mandible
| medial pterygoid nerve from mandibular nerve [CNV3]
| elevates mandible, closes jaw, helps lateral pterygoid in moving jaw from side to side
|
|
Tongue[edit]
Extrinsic[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
genioglossus
| superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti)
| dorsum of tongue, body of hyoid
| lingual artery
| hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]
| inferior fibers: protrudes tongue middle fibers: depresses tongue superior fibers: draws tip of tongue back and down
|
|
hyoglossus
| hyoid
| side of tongue
|
| depresses tongue
|
|
chondroglossus
| lesser cornu and body of hyoid bone
| intrinsic muscular fibers of tongue
|
| depresses tongue (some consider this muscle to be part of hyoglossus)
|
|
styloglossus
| styloid process of temporal bone
| tongue
| sublingual branch of lingual artery
| elevates and retracts tongue
| inferior and middle fibers of genioglossus
|
palatoglossus
| palatine aponeurosis
|
| vagus nerve [CNX], accessory nerve [CNXI]
| raising back part of tongue
|
|
Intrinsic[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
superior longitudinal
| close to epiglottis, from median fibrous septum
| edges of tongue
|
| hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]
| shortens tongue, turns tip upward, turns lateral margins upward
|
|
transversus
| median fibrous septum
| sides of tongue
|
| narrows tongue with no elongation
|
|
inferior longitudinal
| root of tongue
| apex of tongue
|
| shortens tongue, retracts, pulls tip downward
|
|
verticalis
| dorsum of tongue
| inferior surface borders of tongue
|
|
|
|
Soft palate[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
tensor veli palatini
| medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
| palatine aponeurosis
|
| medial pterygoid nerve from mandibular nerve [CNV3]
| tenses soft palate, aids in swallowing
|
levator veli palatini
| temporal bone, Eustachian tube
| facial artery
| pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve [CNX]
| elevates soft palate
|
palatoglossus
| palatine aponeurosis
| tongue
|
| aids in breathing by raising back part of tongue
|
|
palatopharyngeus
| palatine aponeurosis and hard palate
| upper border of thyroid cartilage (blends with constrictor fibers)
| facial artery
| pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve [CNX]
| aids in breathing by pulling pharynx and larynx
|
|
palatine uvula
| hard palate
| soft tissue of uvula
|
| moves and changes shape of uvula
|
|
Pharynx[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
stylopharyngeus
| styloid process of temporal bone
| thyroid cartilage (pharynx)
| pharyngeal branches of ascending pharyngeal artery
| glossopharyngeal nerve [CNIX]
| elevates larynx, elevates pharynx, swallowing
|
|
salpingopharyngeus
| cartilage of Eustachian tube
| posterior fasciculus of pharyngopalatinus
|
| vagus nerve [CNX], accessory nerve [CNXI]
| raises nasopharynx
|
|
Pharyngeal muscles
|
inferior
| cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage
| pharyngeal raphe
| pharyngeal branches of ascending pharyngeal artery
| external laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal nerve from vagus nerve [CNX]
| swallowing
|
|
middle
| hyoid bone
| pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve [CNX]
|
|
superior
| medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphé, alveolar process
| pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle
|
|
|
Larynx[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
cricothyroid
| anterior and lateral cricoid cartilage
| inferior cornu and lamina of thyroid cartilage
| cricothyroid branch of superior thyroid artery
| external laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal nerve from vagus nerve [CNX]
| tenses and elongates vocal folds (has minor adductory effect)
|
|
arytenoid(transverse and oblique)
| arytenoid cartilage on one side
| arytenoid cartilage on opposite side
| superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery
| recurrent laryngeal nerve from vagus nerve [CNX]
| approximates arytenoid cartilages (closes rima glottidis)
|
|
thyroarytenoid
| inner (anterior) surface of thyroid cartilage
| anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage
|
| thickens and decreases length of vocal folds, adducts during speech
|
|
Cricoarytenoid muscles
|
posterior
| posterior part of cricoid cartilage
| muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
|
| recurrent laryngeal nerve from vagus nerve [CNX]
| abducts and laterally rotates cartilage, pulling vocal ligaments away from midline and forward and so opening
rima glottidis
| lateral cricoarytenoid
|
lateral
| lateral part of arch of cricoid cartilage
|
| adducts and medially rotates cartilage, pulling vocal ligaments towards midline and backwards and so closing
rima glottidis
| posterior cricoarytenoid
|
Neck[edit]
Clavicular[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
platysma
| base of mandible
| inferior clavicle and fascia of chest
| branches of submental artery, branches of suprascapular artery
| cervical branch of facial nerve [CNVII]
| tenses skin of neck
| masseter, temporalis
|
sternocleidomastoid
| sternal head: manubrium sterni clavicular head: medial portion of clavicle
| mastoid process of temporal bone, superior nuchal line
| occipital artery, superior thyroid artery
| motor: accessory nerve sensory: cervical plexus
| acting alone: tilts head to its own side, rotates head so face is turned towards opposite side acting together: flexes neck, raises sternum, assists in
forced inspiration ||
|
Suprahyoid[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
digastric
| anterior belly: digastric fossa (mandible) posterior belly: mastoid process of
temporal bone
| intermediate tendon (lesser horn of hyoid bone)
| anterior belly: submental branch of facial artery posterior belly: occipital artery
| anterior belly: mandibular nerve [CNV3] via mylohyoid nerve posterior belly: facial nerve [CNVII]
| opens jaw when masseter and temporalis are relaxed
|
|
stylohyoid
| styloid process of temporal bone
| greater horn of hyoid bone
| occipital artery
| facial nerve [CNVII]
| elevates hyoid during swallowing
|
|
mylohyoid
| mylohyoid line of mandible
| pharyngeal raphe
| mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar artery
| mylohyoid nerve, from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve [CNV3]
| raises oral cavity floor, elevates hyoid, depresses
mandible
|
|
geniohyoid
| mandibular symphysis
| anterior surface of body of hyoid bone
|
| C1 via hypoglossal nerve
| elevates hyoid and tongue upward during deglutition
|
|
Infrahyoid[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
sternohyoid
| manubrium of sternum
| hyoid bone
| superior thyroid artery
| ansa cervicalis
| depresses hyoid
|
|
sternothyroid
| thyroid cartilage
| depresses larynx, may slightly depress hyoid
|
|
thyrohyoid
| thyroid cartilage
| hyoid bone
| C1
| depress hyoid
|
|
omohyoid
| upper border of scapula
| inferior thyroid artery
| ansa cervicalis
| depresses larynx, depresses and moves to side hyoid
|
|
Neck[edit]
Anterior[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
longus colli
| transverse processes of vertebrae C3, C4,
C5, and C6
| anterior arch of atlas
|
| C2, C3, C4, C5,
C6
| flexes neck and head
|
|
longus capitis
| anterior tubercles of transverse processes of vertebrae C3, C4, C5, and C6
| basilar part of occipital bone
|
| C1, C2, C3/C4
| flexes neck at atlanto-occipital joint
|
|
rectus capitis anterior
| atlas
| occipital bone
|
| C1
|
|
rectus capitis lateralis
| upper surface of transverse process of atlas
| under surface of jugular process of occipital bone
|
| sidebens at atlanto-occipital joint
|
|
Lateral[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
scalene
| cervical vertebrae
| first and second ribs
| ascending cervical artery (branch of inferior thyroid artery)
| cervical nerves (C3, C4, C5,
C6, C7)
| elevates 1st and 2nd rib
|
|
anterior
| C3-C6
| first rib
| ventral ramus of C5, C6
| when neck is fixed, elevates first rib to aid in breathing or when rib is fixed, bends neck forward and sideways and rotates it to opposite side
|
|
medius
| C2-C6
| ventral rami of third to eighth cervical spinal nerves
| elevates 1st rib, rotate neck to opposite side
|
|
posterior
| transverse processes of C4 – C6
| second rib
| ascending cervical artery, superficial cervical artery
| C6, C7, C8
| elevates 2nd rib, tilts neck to same side
|
|
levator scapulae
| posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 – C4
| superior part of medial border of scapula
| dorsal scapular artery
| cervical nerve (C3, C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
| elevates scapula, tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
| serratus anterior
|
rectus capitis lateralis
| upper surface of transverse process of atlas (C1)
| under surface of jugular process of occipital bone
|
| C1
|
|
|
obliquus capitis superior
| lateral mass of atlas
| lateral half of inferior nuchal line
|
| suboccipital nerve
|
|
|
obliquus capitis inferior
| spinous process of axis
| lateral mass of atlas
|
| suboccipital nerve
|
|
|
Posterior[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
rectus capitis posterior minor
| tubercle on posterior arch of atlas (C1)
| medial part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone and surface between it and foramen magnum
|
| a branch of dorsal primary division of suboccipital nerve
| extends head at neck, but is now considered to be more of a sensory organ than a muscle
|
|
rectus capitis posterior major
| spinous process of axis (C2)
| inferior nucheal line of occipital bone
|
| dorsal ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve)
|
|
|
semispinalis capitis
| articular processes of C4-C6; transverse processes of C7 and T1-T7
| occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines
|
| greater occipital nerve
| extends head
|
|
longissimus capitis
| articular processes of C4-C7; transverse processes of T1-T5
| posterior margin of mastoid process
| lateral sacral artery
| posterior branch of spinal nerve
| laterally: Flexes head and neck to same side. bilaterally: Extend vertebral column ||
|
splenius capitis
| ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T6
| mastoid process
|
| C3, C4
| extends, rotates, and laterally flex head
|
|
obliquus capitis superior
| lateral mass of atlas
| lateral half of inferior nuchal line
|
| suboccipital nerve
|
|
|
obliquus capitis inferior
| spinous process of axis
| lateral mass of atlas
|
|
|
|
Torso[edit]
Abdomen[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
rectus abdominis
| pubic symphysis, pubic crest
| xiphoid process, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
| inferior epigastric artery, superior epigastric artery; contributions from posterior intercostal, subcostal, and deep circumflex arteries
| intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve
| Trunk flexion, compresses abdominal viscera, aids in expiration
| erector spinae
|
external oblique
| external surfaces of ribs 5-12
| linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest
| lower posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal artery, deep circumflex iliac artery
| Motor: intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve Sensory: iliohypogastric nerve
| Bilateral: Trunk flexion, expiration, compresses abdominal viscera Unilateral: Trunk ipsilateral flexion, contralateral rotation
|
|
internal oblique
| anterior two-thirds of iliac crest, iliopectineal arch, thoracolumbar fascia
| inferior borders of ribs 10-12, pubic crest
| lower posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal artery, superior and
inferior epigastric artery, superficial and deep circumflex iliac artery, posterior
lumbar arteries
| intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve,
ilioinguinal nerve
| Bilateral: Trunk flexion, expiration, compresses abdominal viscera Unilateral: Trunk ipsilateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation
|
|
transversus abdominis
| internal surface of costal cartilage of ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two-thirds of iliac creast, iliopectineal arch
| linea alba, aponeurosis of internal oblique muscle, pubic crest
| lower posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal artery, superior and
inferior epigastric artery, superficial and deep circumflex iliac artery, posterior
lumbar arteries
| intercostal nerves T7-T11, subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve,
ilioinguinal nerve
| Bilateral: compresses abdominal viscera, expiration Unilateral: ipsilateral trunk rotation
|
|
pyramidalis
| pubic symphysis, pubic crest
| linea alba
| inferior epigastric artery
| subcostal nerve
| Tenses linea alba
|
|
quadratus lumborum
| iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament
| inferior border of rib 12, transverse processes of L1-L4
| lumbar, median sacral, iliolumbar, and subcostal arteries
| subcostal nerve, anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L4
| Bilateral : fixes ribs 12 during inspiration, trunk extension Unilateral: ipsilateral trunk flexion
|
|
Back[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
erector spinae
| spines of last four thoracic vertebrae
| both spines of most cranial thoracic vertebrae and cervical vertebrae
| lateral sacral artery
| posterior branch of spinal nerve
| extends vertebral column
| rectus abdominis
|
iliocostalis
|
|
|
|
longissimus
| transverse process
| transverse process
|
|
spinalis
| spinous process
| spinous process
|
|
latissimus dorsi
| spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia,
iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs
| floor of intertubercular groove of humerus
| subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery
| thoracodorsal nerve
| pulls forelimb dorsally and caudally
| deltoid, trapezius
|
transversospinales
| transverse process
| spinous process
|
| posterior branches of spinal nerve
|
|
|
semispinalis thoracis (dorsi)
| transverse processes of sixth to tenth thoracic vertebrae
| spinous processes of upper four thoracic vertebrae and lower two cervical vertebrae
|
|
|
|
|
semispinalis cervicis (colli)
| transverse processes of upper five or six thoracic vertebrae
| cervical spinous processes, from axis to fifth
|
|
|
|
|
semispinalis capitis (complexus)
| transversal process of lower cervical and higher thoracal columna
| area between superior and inferior nuchal line
|
| greater occipital nerve
| extends head
|
|
multifidus
| sacrum, erector spinae aponeurosis, PSIS, and
iliac crest
| spinous process
|
| posterior branch of spinal nerve
| stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column
|
|
rotatores
| transverse process
|
| posterior branch
|
|
|
interspinales
| spinous process
|
| posterior rami of spinal nerves
| extends, flexes, and rotates vertebral column
|
|
intertransversarii
| transverse process
| transverse process above
|
| laterally flexes trunk
|
|
splenius
|
capitis
| nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T6
| mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone
|
| C3, C4
| extends, rotates, and laterally flexes head
|
|
cervicis
| spinous processes of T3-T6
| transverse processes of C1, C2, C3
|
| C5, C6
|
|
|
Chest[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
intercostals
| ribs 1–11
| ribs 2–12
| intercostal arteries
| intercostal nerves
|
|
|
external
|
|
| inhalation
| internal
|
internal
| rib – inferior border
| rib – superior border
| holds ribs steady
| external
|
innermost
|
|
| elevates ribs
|
|
subcostales
| inner surface of one rib
| inner surface of second or third rib above, near its angle
|
|
|
transversus thoracis
| costal cartilages of last 3–4 ribs, body of sternum, xiphoid process
| ribs/costal cartilages 2–6
| depresses ribs
|
|
levatores costarum
| transverse processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae
| superior surfaces of ribs immediately inferior to preceding vertebrae
|
| dorsal rami – C8, T1,
T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9,
T10, T11
| assists in elevation of thoracic rib cage
|
|
Serratus posterior muscles
|
inferior
| vertebrae T11 – L3
| inferior borders of 9th through 12th ribs
| intercostal arteries
| intercostal nerves
| depresses lower ribs, aiding in expiration
|
|
superior
| nuchal ligament (or ligamentum nuchae) and spinous processes of vertebrae C7 through T3
| upper borders of 2nd through 5th ribs
| 2nd through 5th intercostal nerves
| elevates ribs, aiding in inspiration
|
|
diaphragm
|
|
| pericardiacophrenic artery, musculophrenic artery, inferior phrenic arteries
| phrenic and lower intercostal nerves
| breathing
|
|
Pelvis[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
coccygeus
| sacrospinous ligament
| coccyx
|
| sacral nerves: S4, S5 or S3-S4
| closes back part of pelvic outlet
|
|
Levator ani
|
iliococcygeus
| ischial spine, posterior part of tendinous arch of pelvic fascia
| coccyx and anococcygeal raphe
| inferior gluteal artery
| levator ani nerve (S4) - inferior rectal nerve from
pudendal nerve (S3, S4)
- coccygeal plexus
| supports organs in pelvic cavity
|
|
pubococcygeus
| back surface of pubis, anterior part of obturator fascia
| coccyx and sacrum
| controls urine flow, contracts during orgasm
|
|
puborectalis
| lower part of pubic symphysis
| -
| S3, S4. levator ani nerve
| inhibits defecation
|
|
Perineum[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
Sphincter ani
|
externus
| -
| -
| inferior rectal artery
| S4 and twigs from inferior anal nerves of pudendal nerve
| keeps anal canal and anus closed, aids in expulsion of feces
|
|
internus
| -
| -
| pudendal nerve
|
|
Superficial perineal pouch
|
transversus perinei superficialis
| anterior surface of ischial tuberosity
| central point of perineum
| perineal artery
| pudendal nerve
|
|
|
bulbospongiosus
| perineal raphe
| -
| empties urethra (men) clenches vagina (women) ||
|
ischiocavernosus
| ischial tuberosity
| crus of penis (men) crus of clitoris (women)
| assists bulbospongiosus
|
|
Deep perineal pouch
|
transversus perinei profundus
| inferior ramus of ischium
| its fellow of opposite side
|
| pudendal nerve
|
|
|
sphincter urethrae membranaceae
| junction of inferior rami of pubis and ischium about 1.25 – 2 cm, and from neighboring fascia
|
| perineal branch of pudendal nerve (S2, S3,
S4)
| constricts urethra, maintains urinary continence
|
|
Upper limb[edit]
Vertebral
column[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
trapezius
| down midline, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, medial part of superior nuchal line,
spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12
| at shoulders, lateral third of clavicle, acromion of scapula,
spine of scapula
| transverse cervical artery
| motor: accessory nerve [CNXI] sensory: cervical nerves C3 and C4
| retracts and elevates scapula
| serratus anterior
|
latissimus dorsi
| spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12,
thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs
| floor of intertubercular groove of humerus
| subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery
| thoracodorsal nerve
| pulls forelimb dorsally and caudally
| deltoid, trapezius
|
rhomboids
| nuchal ligaments, spinous processes of C7-T5
vertebrae
| medial border of scapula
| dorsal scapular artery
| dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)
| retracts scapula and rotates it to depress glenoid cavity,
fixes scapula to thoracic wall
| serratus anterior
|
rhomboid major
| spinous processes of T2 to T5 vertebrae
| medial border of scapula, inferior to insertion of rhomboid minor
|
rhomboid minor
| nuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7- to T1 vertebrae
| medial border of scapula, superior to insertion of rhomboid major
|
levator scapulae
| posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 –
C4 vertebrae
| superior part of medial border of scapula
| cervical nerve (C3, C4) and dorsal scapular
nerve (C5)
| elevates scapula, tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
|
Thoracic walls[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
pectoralis major
| clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages
| intertubercular groove of humerus
| pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery
| lateral pectoral nerve, medial pectoral nerve clavicular head: C5 and
C6 sternocostal head: C7, C8 and
T1
| adducts and medially rotates humerus, draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly clavicular head:
flexes humerus sternocostal head: extends humerus
|
|
pectoralis minor
| 3rd to 5th ribs, near their costal cartilages
| medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula
| medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
| stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
|
|
subclavius
| first rib
| subclavian groove of clavicle
| thoracoacromial artery, clavicular branch
| subclavian nerve
| depresses clavicle
|
|
serratus anterior
| fleshy slips from outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs
| costal surface of medial margin of scapula
| upper part: lateral thoracic artery lower part:thoracodorsal artery
| long thoracic nerve (from roots of brachial plexus C5,
C6, C7)
| protracts and stabilises scapula, assists in upward rotation
| rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, trapezius
|
Shoulder[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
deltoid
| clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
| deltoid tuberosity of humerus
| primarily posterior circumflex humeral artery
| axillary nerve
| abducts, flexes, and extends shoulder
| latissimus dorsi
|
teres major
| posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
| medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
| subscapular artery, circumflex scapular artery
| lower subscapular nerve (segmental levels C5 and C6)
| internally rotates humerus
|
|
Rotator cuff
|
supraspinatus
| supraspinous fossa of scapula
| superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
| suprascapular artery
| suprascapular nerve
| abducts and stabilises humerus
| infraspinatus, teres minor, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi
|
infraspinatus
| infraspinous fossa of scapula
| middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
| suprascapular artery, circumflex scapular artery
| laterally rotates, adducts, and stabilises humerus
| subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi
|
teres minor
| lateral border of scapula
| inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
| posterior circumflex humeral artery, circumflex scapular artery
| axillary nerve
| laterally rotates and adducts humerus
| subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi
|
subscapularis
| subscapular fossa of scapula
| lesser tubercle of humerus
| subscapular artery
| upper subscapular nerve, lower subscapular nerve (C5,
C6)
| medially rotates humerus, stabilizes shoulder
| infraspinatus, teres minor
|
Arm[edit]
Anterior compartment[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
coracobrachialis
| coracoid process of scapula
| medial surface of humerus
| brachial artery
| musculocutaneous nerve
| flexes and adducts shoulder
|
|
biceps brachii
| short head: coracoid process of scapula long head: supraglenoid tubercle
| radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis
| musculocutaneous nerve (lateral cord: C5, C6,
C7)
| flexes elbow, supinates forearm
| triceps brachii
|
brachialis
| anterior surface of humerus (mainly distal half)
| coronoid process of ulna, tuberosity of ulna
| radial recurrent artery
| musculocutaneous nerve
| flexes elbow
|
Posterior compartment[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
triceps brachii
| long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula lateral head: posterior humerus (above radial
sulcus) medial head: posterior humerus - (below radial sulcus)
| olecranon of ulna
| deep artery of arm
| radial nerve
| extends forearm long head: adducts shoulder medial head: does not function at
shoulder
| biceps brachii, brachialis
|
anconeus
| lateral epicondyle of humerus
| lateral surface of olecranon, superior part of posterior ulna
| deep artery of arm, interosseous recurrent artery
| radial nerve (C7, C8, and T1)
| partly blended with triceps, extends forearm, stabilises elbow,
abducts ulna during pronation
|
|
Forearm[edit]
Anterior
compartment[edit]
Superficial[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
pronator teres
| humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna
| pronator tuberosity of radius
| ulnar artery, radial artery
| median nerve
| pronates forearm, flexes elbow
| supinator
|
flexor carpi radialis
| medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)
| bases of second metacarpal, base of third metacarpal
| radial artery
| flexes and abducts wrist
| extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus
|
palmaris longus
| palmar aponeurosis
| ulnar artery
| flexes wrist
| extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi
ulnaris
|
flexor carpi ulnaris
| pisiform, hook of hamate, base of fifth metacarpal
| muscular branches of ulnar nerve
| flexes and adducts wrist
| extensor carpi ulnaris
|
flexor digitorum superficialis
| medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon), parts of radius and
ulna
| bases of middle phalanges 2, 3, 4, and 5
| median nerve
| flexes fingers (primarily at proximal interphalangeal joints)
| extensor digitorum
|
Deep[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
pronator quadratus
| medial anterior surface of ulna
| lateral anterior surface of radius
| anterior interosseous artery
| anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve)
| weakly pronates forearm
| supinator
|
flexor digitorum profundus
| ulna
| distal phalanges
| lateral belly: anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve) medial belly: muscular branches of ulnar nerve
| flexes wrist, flexes interphalangeal joints
| extensor digitorum
|
flexor pollicis longus
| middle half of volar surface of radius, interosseus membrane
| base of distal phalanx of thumb
| anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve) (C8, T1)
| flexes thumb
| extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis
|
Posterior compartment[edit]
Superficial[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
extensor digitorum
| lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)
| 2nd–5th phalanges
| posterior interosseous artery
| posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
| extends hand, extends fingers
| flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus
|
extensor digiti minimi
| anterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)
| extensor expansion, located at base of proximal phalanx on dorsal side
| extends little finger at all joints
| flexor digiti minimi brevis
|
extensor carpi ulnaris
| lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon), ulna
| 5th metacarpal
| ulnar artery
| extends and adducts wrist
| flexor carpi ulnaris
|
Mobile wad
|
brachioradialis
| lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
| radial styloid process (distal radius)
| radial recurrent artery
| radial nerve
| flexes forearm, pronates forearm when supine,
supinates forearm when prone
|
|
extensor carpi radialis longus
| 2nd metacarpal
| radial artery
| extends wrist joint, abducts hand at
wrist
| flexor carpi radialis
|
extensor carpi radialis brevis
| anterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)
| base of 3rd metacarpal
| posterior interosseus nerve
|
Deep[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
supinator
| lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna,
radial collateral ligament, annular ligament
| lateral proximal shaft of radius
| radial recurrent artery
| posterior interosseus nerve (C7, C8)
| supinates forearm
| pronator teres, pronator quadratus
|
extensor indicis
| ulna
| index finger (extensor hood)
|
| extends index finger, wrist
|
|
Anatomical snuff box
|
abductor pollicis longus
| ulna
| first metacarpal
| posterior interosseous artery
| posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
| abducts and extends thumb
| adductor pollicis
|
extensor pollicis brevis
| radius, interosseous membrane of forearm
| proximal phalanx of thumb
| extends thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint
| flexor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis brevis
|
extensor pollicis longus
| ulna, interosseous membrane of forearm
| distal phalanx of thumb
| extends thumb (metacarpophalangeal and
interphalangeal)
|
Hand[edit]
Lateral
volar[edit]
Thenar[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
opponens pollicis
| trapezium, transverse carpal ligament
| metacarpal bone of thumb on its radial side
| superficial palmar arch
| median nerve
| opposes thumb
|
|
flexor pollicis brevis
| trapezoid, flexor retinaculum
| thumb, proximal phalanx
| median nerve, deep branch of ulnar nerve (medial head)
| flexes thumb
| extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis
|
abductor pollicis brevis
| flexor retinaculum of hand, scaphoid and trapezium
| radial base of proximal phalanx of thumb and thumb extensors
| median nerve
| abducts thumb
| adductor pollicis
|
adductor pollicis
| transverse head: anterior body of third metacarpal oblique head: bases of second and third metacarpals and adjacent
trapezoid and capitate bones
| medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb and ulnar sesamoid
| deep palmar arch
| deep branch of ulnar nerve (T1)
| adducts thumb at carpometacarpal joint
| abductor pollicis longus, abductor pollicis brevis
|
Medial volar[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
palmaris brevis
| flexor retinaculum (medial), palmar aponeurosis
| palm
| palmar metacarpal artery
| superficial branch of ulnar nerve
| wrinkle skin of palm
|
|
hypothenar
|
abductor digiti minimi
| pisiform
| base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit on ulnar or medial side
| ulnar artery
| deep branch of ulnar nerve
| abducts little finger
|
|
flexor digiti minimi brevis
| hamate bone
| little finger
| deep branch of ulnar nerve
| flexes little finger
| extensor digiti minimi
|
opponens digiti minimi
| hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
| medial border of 5th metacarpal
| deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)
| draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb
|
|
Intermediate[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
lumbrical
| flexor digitorum profundus
| extensor expansion
| superficial palmar arch, common palmar digital arteries, deep palmar arch,
dorsal digital artery
| deep branch of ulnar nerve, median nerve
| flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints
|
|
dorsal interossei
| metacarpals
| proximal phalanges
| dorsal metacarpal artery, palmar metacarpal artery
| deep branch of ulnar nerve
| abduct fingers
| palmar interossei
|
palmar interossei
| palmar metacarpal artery
| adduct fingers
| dorsal interossei
|
Lower limb[edit]
Iliac
region[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
iliopsoas
| iliac fossa (iliacus), sacrum (iliacus), spine
(T12, L1, lumbar vertebra, psoas major,
psoas minor)[6]
| lesser trochanter of femur (psoas major), shaft below lesser trochanter (iliacus), tendon of psoas
major & femur (iliacus)[6]
| medial femoral circumflex artery, iliolumbar artery
| femoral nerve, lumbar nerves L1, L2
| flexes hip (psoas major/minor, iliacus), spine rotation (psoas major/minor)
| gluteus maximus, posterior compartment of thigh
|
psoas major
| transverse processes, bodies and intervertebral discs of
T12-L5 vertebrae
| lesser trochanter of femur
| iliolumbar artery
| lumbar plexus via anterior branches of L1, L2,
L3[7]
| flexes and rotates laterally thigh
| gluteus maximus
|
psoas minor
| side of T11+L1 and IV intervertebral disc
| Pectineal line and iliopectineal eminence
| iliolumbar artery, lumbar arteries
| L1
| weakly flexes trunk flexor
|
iliacus
| iliac fossa
| lesser trochanter of femur
| medial femoral circumflex artery, Iliolumbar artery
| femoral nerve (L2,
L3[7])
| flexes hip[8]
|
Gluteal[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
tensor fasciae latae
| iliac crest
| iliotibial tract
| primarily lateral circumflex femoral artery, superior gluteal artery
| superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5)
| flexes thigh, medially rotates thigh, stabilises torso
|
|
gluteal
|
gluteus maximus
| gluteal surface of ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament
| gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract
| superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery
| inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2 nerve
roots)
| externally rotates and extends hip joint, supports extended knee through
iliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting
| Iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor
|
gluteus medius
| gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus maximus
| greater trochanter of femur
| superior gluteal artery
| superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5,
S1 nerve roots)
| abduction of hip; preventing adduction of hip Medial
rotation of thigh
| lateral rotator group
|
gluteus minimus
| gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus medius
|
lateral rotator group
| at or below acetabulum of ilium
| on or near greater trochanter of femur
| inferior gluteal artery, lateral sacral artery, superior gluteal artery
| obturator nerve, piriformis nerve, nerve to quadratus femoris
| laterally rotates hip
| gluteus minimus, gluteus medius
|
piriformis
| sacrum
| greater trochanter
| piriformis nerve (S1 and S2 nerve
roots)[9]
| laterally rotates (outward) thigh
|
|
obturator externus
| obturator foramen and obturatory membrane
| medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
| obturator artery
| posterior branch of obturator nerve (L3, L4)
| adduct thigh, rotate laterally thigh
|
|
superior gemellus
| ischial spine
|
|
| nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1,
S2)
|
|
|
obturator internus
| ischiopubic ramus, obturator membrane
| medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
|
| abducts & rotates laterally thigh, stabilises hip during
walking
|
|
inferior gemellus
| ischial tuberosity
| obturator internus tendon
|
| nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5,
S1)
| laterally rotates thigh
|
|
quadratus femoris
| intertrochanteric crest
| inferior gluteal artery
|
|
|
Thigh[edit]
Anterior
compartment[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
articularis genus
| femur
| suprapatellar bursa
| femoral artery
| femoral nerve
| pulls suprapatellar bursa during extension of knee
|
|
sartorius
| superior to anterior superior iliac spine
| medial side of upper tibia in pes anserinus
| flexes, laterally rotates, and abducts thigh,
flexes and medially rotates leg
|
|
quadriceps femoris
| combined rectus femoris and vastus muscles
| patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
| extends knee, flexes hip
(rectus femoris only)
| hamstring
|
rectus femoris
| anterior inferior iliac spine and exterior surface of bony ridge which forms iliac portion of acetabulum
| knee extension; hip flexion
|
vastus lateralis
| greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, and linea aspera of femur
| extends knee
|
vastus intermedius
| anterior surface of femur
|
vastus medialis
| anteromedial surface of femur
|
Posterior compartment/hamstring[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
hamstring
|
|
|
|
|
| quadriceps femoris
|
biceps femoris
| long head: ischial tuberosity short head: linea aspera of
femur[10]
| head of fibula[10] articulating with back of lateral tibial condyle
| inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries, popliteal artery
| long head: medial (tibial) part of sciatic nerve short head: lateral (common fibular) part of sciatic nerve[10]
| flexes knee joint, laterally rotates leg at knee (when knee is flexed), extends
hip joint (long head only)[10]
|
semitendinosus
| ischial tuberosity[10]
| pes anserinus
| inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries
| sciatic nerve[10] (tibial, L5, S1, S2)
| flexes knee, extends hip, medially rotates leg at
knee[10]
|
semimembranosus
| medial surface of tibia[10]
| profunda femoris, gluteal artery
| sciatic nerve[10]
|
Medial compartment[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
adductor muscles of the hip
| pubis
| femur, tibia
| obturator artery
| obturator nerve
| adducts hip
| gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
|
gracilis
| inferior pubic ramus[11]
| tibia (pes anserinus)
| anterior branch of obturator nerve[11]
| adducts hip, flexes hip, medially rotates
knee[11]
|
pectineus
| superior pubic ramus[11]
| lesser trochanter, linea aspera
| femoral nerve and obturator nerve (medial compartment)[11]
| flexes and adducts hip[11]
|
adductor brevis
| anterior surface of inferior pubic ramus[11]
| lesser trochanter and linea aspera of femur
| anterior branch of obturator nerve[11]
| adducts hip[11]
|
adductor longus
| pubic body just below pubic crest
| middle third of linea aspera
| adducts and medially rotates hip[11]
|
adductor magnus
| [11]
| femur, adductor tubercle of femur
| posterior branch of obturator nerve (adductor) and tibial part of sciatic nerve (vertical
head)[11][12]
| adducts hip[11]
|
Leg[edit]
Anterior
compartment[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
tibialis anterior
| body of tibia
| medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of foot
| anterior tibial artery
| deep fibular nerve
| dorsiflexes and inverts foot
| fibularis longus, gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris,
tibialis posterior
|
extensor hallucis longus
| middle portion of anterior surface of fibula, anterior surface of interosseous membrane
| dorsal side of base of distal phalanx of hallux
| extends big toe, assists in dorsiflexion of foot at ankle, weakly inverts foot
| flexor hallucis longus, flexor hallucis brevis
|
extensor digitorum longus
| lateral condyle of tibia, superior ¾ of interosseous membrane
| middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits
| extension of toes and ankle
| flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis
|
fibularis tertius
| distal anterior surface of fibula
| dorsal surface of fifth metatarsal
| dorsi flexes and everts foot
|
|
Posterior compartment[edit]
Superficial[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
triceps surae
|
| achilles tendon, calcaneus
| posterior tibial artery
| tibial nerve
| plantarflexes ankle
|
|
gastrocnemius
| medial condyle and lateral condyle of femur
| calcaneus
| sural arteries
| tibial nerve from sciatic nerve, specifically, nerve roots S1, S2
| plantarflexes ankle, flexes knee (minor)
| tibialis anterior
|
soleus
| fibula, medial border of tibia (soleal line)
| tendo calcaneus
| tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5–S2
| plantarflexes ankle
|
plantaris
| lateral supracondylar ridge of femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius
| calcaneal tendon (medial side, deep to gastrocnemius tendon)
| tibial nerve
| plantarflexes ankle, flexes knee
|
Deep[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
popliteus
| middle facet of lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle
| posterior tibia under tibial condyles
| popliteal artery
| tibial nerve
| medially rotates and flexes knee
|
|
tarsal tunnel
|
flexor hallucis longus
| posterior surface of upper 1/3 of fibula
| base of distal phalanx of hallux
| fibular artery (peroneal branch of posterior tibial artery
| tibial nerve, S1, S2 nerve roots
| flexes all joints of big toe, plantarflexes ankle
| extensor hallucis longus
|
flexor digitorum longus
| medial tibia
| distal phalanges of lateral four digits
| posterior tibial artery
| tibial nerve
| flexes toes
| extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis
|
tibialis posterior
| tibia, fibula
| navicular, medial cuneiform
| inverts foot, plantarflexes foot at
ankle
| tibialis anterior
|
Lateral compartment[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
fibularis longus
| fibula
| first metatarsal, medial cuneiform
| fibular artery
| superficial fibular nerve
| plantarflexes and everts ankle
| tibialis anterior
|
fibularis brevis
| fibula
| fifth metatarsal
| fibular artery
| superficial fibular nerve
| plantarflexes and everts ankle
| tibialis posterior
|
Foot[edit]
Dorsal[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
extensor digitorum brevis
| calcaneus
| toes
|
| deep fibular nerve
| extends digits 2, 3, and 4
| flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis
|
extensor hallucis brevis
| base of proximal phalanx of big toe
|
| deep fibular nerve
| extends big toe
| flexor hallucis brevis
|
dorsal interossei of foot
| metatarsals
| proximal phalanges
|
| lateral plantar nerve(fourth interosseous space: superficial branch others: deep branch), first and second interossei: lateral branch of deep fibular nerve
| abducts toes
| plantar interossei
|
Plantar[edit]
First
layer[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
abductor hallucis
| medial process of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis
| medial side of base of proximal phalanx of first digit
|
| medial plantar nerve
| abducts hallux
| adductor hallucis
|
flexor digitorum brevis
| medial process of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septa
| middle phalanges of digits 2–5
|
| flexes lateral four toes
| extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis
|
abductor digiti minimi
| plantar aponeurosis
| phalanges of fifth toe
| lateral plantar artery
| lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2)
| flexes and abducts fifth toe
| flexor digiti minimi brevis
|
Second layer[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
quadratus plantae
| calcaneus
| tendons of flexor digitorum longus
|
| lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2)
| flexes distal interphalangeal joints (assists flexor digitorum longus)
|
|
lumbricals
| tendons of flexor digitorum longus
| medial surface of extensor expansion of proximal phalanges of lateral four toes
| lateral plantar artery, plantar arch, four plantar metatarsal arteries
| lateral plantar nerve (lateral three lumbricals) and medial plantar nerve (first lumbrical)
| maintain extension of digits at interphalangeal joints
|
|
Third layer[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
flexor hallucis brevis
| plantar surface of cuneiforms, plantar calcaneocuboid ligament, long plantar ligament
| medial head: medial sesamoid bone of metatarsophalangeal joint, proximal phalanx of great toe lateral head: lateral sesamoid bone of metatarsophalangeal joint, proximal phalanx of great toe
|
| medial plantar nerve
| flexes big toe
| extensor hallucis longus
|
adductor hallucis
| oblique head: proximal ends of middle 3 metatarsals transverse head: metatarsophalangeal joints, ligaments of lateral 3 toes
| lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe, sesamoid
|
| lateral plantar nerve
| adducts big toe
| abductor hallucis
|
flexor digiti minimi brevis
| fifth metatarsal bone
| phalanx of fifth toe
|
| lateral plantar nerve (superficial branch)
| extends and adducts fifth toe
| abductor digiti minimi
|
Fourth layer[edit]
MuscleOriginInsertionArteryNerveActionAntagonist
plantar interossei
| tendons of plantar Interossei
| proximal phalanges III-V - muscles cross the metatarsophalangeal joint of toes III-V so the insertions correspond with the origin and there is no crossing between toes
| plantar arch, dorsal metatarsal artery
| lateral plantar nerve
| adducts toes 3 - 5, strengthens transverse arch
| dorsal interossei
|
dorsal interossei
| metatarsals
| proximal phalanges
|
| lateral plantar nerve
| abducts toes
| plantar interossei
|
Innervation overview[edit]
Mind Map showing a summary of Upper Limb
Muscle Innervation
See also[edit]
- Accessory muscle
- List of bones of the human skeleton
- List of nerves of the human body
- Circulatory system
- Blood vessel
References[edit]
- ^ Science Reference Section (19 November 2019). "What is the strongest muscle in the human body?". Library of Congress.
Library of Congress. Retrieved
2021-05-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint:
url-status (link)
- ^ Brooks, Susan V. (2003-12-01). "Current topics for teaching skeletal muscle physiology". Advances in Physiology Education. 27
(1–4): 171–182. doi:10.1152/advan.00025.2003. ISSN 1043-4046.
PMID 14627615.
- ^ John., Stewart, Gregory (2009). "Chapter 8: Skeletal muscles". The skeletal and muscular systems. New York: Chelsea House.
ISBN 9781604133653. OCLC 277118444.
- ^ de las Peñas, César Fernández; Ge, Hong-You; Arendt-Nielsen, Lars; Dommerholt, Jan; Simons, David G. (2011). "Chapter 32 - Referred pain from muscle/myofascial
trigger points". Neck and Arm Pain Syndromes. Churchill Livingstone. pp. 404–418. doi:10.1016/B978-0-7020-3528-9.00032-7.
ISBN 978-0-7020-3528-9.
- ^ Sarnat, Harvey B.; Carpenter, Stirling (2015). "Chapter 4 - Muscle Biopsy for Diagnosis of Neuromuscular and Metabolic Diseases". Neuromuscular Disorders of Infancy,
Childhood, and Adolescence (2nd ed.). Academic Press. pp. 46–65. ISBN 978-0-12-417044-5.
- ^ a b "Iliopsoas".
exrx.net.
- ^
a b Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2 ed. 2002. Page 193
- ^ Gosling, J. A., Harris, P. F., Humpherson, J. R., Whitmore I., & Willan P. L. T. 2008. Human Anatomy Color Atlas and Text Book. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier. page 200
- ^ Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2 ed. 2002. Page 217
- ^ a
b c d
e f g
h i Gosling 2008, p. 273
- ^
a b c
d e f
g h i
j k l
m Gosling et al. 2008, p. 266
- ^
MedicalMnemonics.com: 255 [dead link]
External links[edit]
- LUMEN's Master Muscle List
- PT Central - Complete Muscle Tables for the Human Body
- Lower Extremity Muscle Atlas
- Tutorial and quizzes on skeletal muscular anatomy
- Muscles of human body (also here)
- Anatomy quiz
How many muscles are skeletal muscles?
There are around 650 skeletal muscles within the typical human body.
Are there 640 muscles in the human body?
The typical male body contains approximately 640 muscles, which compose around two-fifths of its weight. The same number in a female body make up a slightly smaller proportion. A typical muscle spans a joint and tapers at each end into a fibrous tendon anchored to a bone.
What are the 8 skeletal muscles?
Skeletal muscle is one of the three significant muscle tissues in the human body. Each skeletal muscle consists of thousands of muscle fibers wrapped together by connective tissue sheaths. The individual bundles of muscle fibers in a skeletal muscle are known as fasciculi.
Are there 206 muscles in the human body?
There are about 700 named skeletal muscles in the human body, including roughly 400 that no one cares about except specialists.