A plane is two-dimensional, which means that it only has two directions. Take a look at these directions below.
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Let's go
Plane Interactions
When you have a plane, you can have many different interactions within, or inside, that plane. In fact, a graph is an example of a plane, where you can have many different lines interacting with each other.
Interaction 1Going in x or y directionsInteraction 2A point on a graph (x,y)Interaction 3A line on a graph
When you have more than one plane, you can have interactions between planes. These interactions are summarized in the table below.
Interaction 1IntersectingThe planes intersectInteraction 2ParallelThe planes are parallel to each otherInteraction 3CoincidentThe planes are the same
Take a look at these interactions in the images below.
ABCIntersectingParallelCoincident
Equation of a Plane
While a plane may be a two-dimensional surface, the plane itself is located in a three dimensional space. This may not make sense now, so let’s use an example. Say you have a sheet of paper in real-life.
ASheet of paperHas two directionsUp or down and left or rightBPaper in spaceHas three directionsUp or down and left or right and tilt
If you stick a pencil inside of a piece of paper, you can see that while the surface of the plane only has two directions, the plane itself can be moved around in any direction by that pencil. You can think of this pencil as the third direction of the plane.
Intersection of Planes
Recall that intersecting planes mean that they cross each other. You should be careful when dealing with intersecting planes:
PerpendicularIntersectionMeaningPlanes that intersect at a 90 degree anglePlanes that cross each other at any angle
When you have two planes intersecting one another, you have a line that forms where they touch each other. Take a look below.
As you can see, this line has a special name, called the line of intersection. In order to find where two planes meet, you have to find the equation of the line of intersection between the two planes.
System of Equations
In order to find the line of intersection, let’s take a look at an example of two planes. Let’s take a look at the equation of two planes, which are written in the table below.
Plane 1Plane 2Formula
You can think of these two lines as a system of equations. A system of equations is defined in the table below.
DefinitionNotationExampleSystem of EquationsTwo or more linear equations that have a relationshipThe linear equations are written on top of one another
Parametric Form
When you have any line in space, you can write these linear equations in two ways:
- Parametric form
- Symmetric form
The easiest way to find the line of intersection is to work with the parametric form. The parametric form is defined in the table below.
DefinitionParameterParametric FormThe formula is written in terms of a parameter.
In order to find the parametric form, we can use the system of equations from the previous section as an example and follow the steps in the table below.
Step 1Solve the equations for one variable, like x
Finding the Line of Intersection
Now that we’ve followed the steps from the previous section, we have three equations.
Equation 1
The equation for y is simply y = y. This is clear, because of course any given value for y is equal to itself. We could have done this for any of the other values (x=x, z=z).
Since they are all written in terms of the y value, all we have to do to get the equation of the line of intersection is replace these y terms with the parameter t. This gives us the parametric form of the line.
Equation 1
Together, these equations will give you any point on the line of intersection P(x,y,z).
Symmetric Form
If you want to have the line of intersection in symmetric form, you need to first find the parametric form of the line. Next, follow the two steps below.
Step 1Set all equations for x, y and z in terms of the t parameterStep 2Set all equations equal to each other
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Danica
Located in Prague and studying to become a Statistician, I enjoy reading, writing, and exploring new places.