The electron transport chain is located on the inner membrane of the mitochondria, as shown below. Show Figure 6.261 The pathways involved in aerobic respiration1 The electron transport chain contains a number of electron carriers. These carriers take the electrons from NADH and FADH2, pass them down the chain of complexes and electron carriers, and ultimately produce ATP. More specifically, the electron transport chain takes the energy from the electrons on NADH and FADH2 to pump protons (H+) into the intermembrane space. This creates a proton gradient between the intermembrane space (high) and the matrix (low) of the mitochondria. ATP synthase uses the energy from this gradient to synthesize ATP. Oxygen is required for this process because it serves as the final electron acceptor, forming water. Collectively this process is known as oxidative phosphorylation. The following figure and animation do a nice job of illustrating how the electron transport chain functions. Figure 6.262 Location of the electron transport chain in the mitochondria2
2.5 ATP/NADH and 1.5 ATP/FADH2 are produced in the electron transport chain. Some resources will say 3 ATP/NADH and 2 ATP/FADH2, but these values are generally less accepted now. For one molecule of glucose, the preceding pathways produce: Glycolysis: 2 NADH Transition Reaction: 2 NADH Citric Acid Cycle: 6 NADH, 2 FADH2 Total 10 NADH, 2 FADH2 Multiply that by the amount of ATP per NADH or FADH2 to yield: 10 NADH X 2.5 ATP/NADH = 25 ATP 2 FADH2 X 1.5 ATP/FADH2 = 3 ATP Total 28 ATP The first video does a nice job of illustrating and reviewing the electron transport chain. Note that it uses 3 ATP/NADH and 2 ATP/FADH2 so the totals from each cycle are different from those listed above. The second video is a great rap video explaining the steps of glucose oxidation.
References & Links1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CellRespiration.svg 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mitochondrial_electron_transport_chain%E2%80%94Etc4.svg LinkETC Animation – http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/etc.html VideosElectron Transport Chain – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1engJR_XWVU&feature=related Oxidate it or Love it/Electron to the Next One – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCpNk92uswY&feature=response_watch How many FADH2 are equal to ATP?FADH2 produces 2 ATP during the ETC because it gives up its electron to Complex II, bypassing Complex I.
How many ATP are produced from 1 FADH?And for every molecule of FADH, we have six divided by four, where one point five molecules of ATP that are produced.
Why does FADH2 only generate 1.5 ATP in the ETC?Correct answer: FADH2 produces less ATP then NADH because the electrons for FADH2 are dropped off at the second protein of the electron transport chain.
How many ATP are produced from 2 FADH2?ATP yield. |