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Terms in this set (98)In metabolism, energy that is not used is used to break down large molecules into smaller ones. is used to build up large compounds from smaller ones. is stored in the form of ATP. is given off as heat. is given off as heat. The reactions involved in producing larger compounds from smaller compounds is called metabolism. catabolism. anabolism. anabolism Where does the energy required for anabolic reactions come from? Heat Catabolic reactions Unused energy from metabolism Catabolic reactions The use of amino acids to make proteins involves the production of ATP. is an example of anabolism. is an example of catabolism. is a completely efficient reaction. is an example of anabolism. How does a noncompetitive inhibitor reduce an enzyme's activity? The inhibitor binds to the enzyme in a location other than the active site, changing the shape of the active site. The inhibitor inactivates the enzyme. The inhibitor degrades the enzyme's normal substrate. The inhibitor degrades the enzyme. The inhibitor binds to the enzyme in a location other than the active site, changing the shape of the active site. What would be the likely outcome if you increased the concentration of substrate for an enzyme in the presence of a noncompetitive inhibitor? No change in enzyme activity would be observed. You would begin to see an increase in the enzyme's rate of activity. A decrease in the concentration of enzyme would be observed. A decrease in the amount of inhibitor would be observed. No change in enzyme activity would be observed. How is nevirapine used to treat HIV infections? It alters the active site of reverse transcriptase, decreasing that enzyme's activity. It increases the immune system's ability to detect the virus. It decreases the virus's ability to find host cells. It binds to the active site of HIV reverse transcriptase, decreasing that enzyme's activity. It alters the active site of reverse transcriptase, decreasing that enzyme's activity. How does a competitive inhibitor slow enzyme catalysis? They bind to the substrate. They produce products toxic to the enzymes. They degrade the substrate. They compete with the substrate for the enzyme's active site. They compete with the substrate for the enzyme's active site. What is the intermediate product formed by pyruvic acid during alcoholic fermentation? Lactic acid Ethanol Formic acid Acetaldehyde Carbon dioxide Acetaldehyde If high amounts of sulfanilamide are in the presence of an enzyme whose substrate is PABA, what outcome is expected? The substrate will destroy the inhibitor. PABA products will increase in concentration. PABA will not be catalyzed. Sulfanilamide products will be in higher concentration. PABA will not be catalyzed. Which of the following statements regarding competitive inhibitors is true? The inhibitor will destroy the enzyme. Competitive inhibitors decrease the rate of enzyme activity. The inhibitor will destroy the substrate. The inhibitor will degrade the substrate. Competitive inhibitors decrease the rate of enzyme activity. Why do all enzymatic reactions need activation energy? Energy allows only the substrate to bind. Energy is needed for the enzyme to find its substrate. Energy is required by an enzyme so that it can be reused. Energy is required to disrupt a substrate's stable electron configuration. Energy is required to disrupt a substrate's stable electron configuration. What is meant by the statement "Enzymes are biological catalysts"? Enzymes are products of biological systems. Enzymes produce products useful for biology. Enzymes speed up the chemical reactions in living cells. Enzymes produce biological organisms. Enzymes speed up the chemical reactions in living cells. Why are enzymes important to biological systems? Enzymes prevent unwanted chemical by-products from forming. Enzymes decrease the amount of activation energy required for chemical reactions to occur. Enzymes are reuseable. Enzymes increase the energy barrier required of chemical reactions. Enzymes decrease the amount of activation energy required for chemical reactions to occur. A reaction that involves the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another is referred to as an oxidation reaction. a reduction reaction. a redox reaction. a redox reaction. During an oxidation reaction, the acceptor molecule loses an electron and becomes oxidized. the donor molecule gains an electron and becomes oxidized. the acceptor molecule gains an electron and becomes oxidized. the donor molecule loses an electron and becomes oxidized. the donor molecule loses an electron and becomes oxidized. Which of the following is an acid produced by fermentation? Lactic acid and propionic acid Propionic acid Pyruvic acid Ethanol Lactic acid ...Lactic acid and propionic acid Which of the following statements regarding redox reactions is true? Redox reactions involve an oxidation reaction coupled Redox reactions are only seen in the electron transport chain. Redox reactions must either be oxidizing reactions or reducing reactions. No metabolic reactions are redox reactions. Redox reactions involve an oxidation reaction coupled with a reduction reaction. Why does lack of oxygen result in the halt of ATP synthesis? It causes one of the cytochromes in the electron transport chain to be permanently stuck in the reduced state. The chain shuts down and can no longer pump hydrogen ions across the membrane, and the proton gradient cannot be maintained. Oxygen prevents uncoupling of the electron transport chain. The chain shuts down and can no longer pump hydrogen ions across the membrane, and the proton gradient cannot be maintained. Why might some cells uncouple the electron transport chain? Too much ATP is bad for the cell. Cells can use the energy from the proton gradient for functions other than producing ATP, such as heat generation. Uncoupling proteins offset the effect of cyanide. A cell does not require ATP. Cells can use the energy from the proton gradient for functions other than producing ATP, such as heat generation. How does cyanide poisoning result in the decrease of ATP production? Cyanide permanently binds to oxygen, preventing its use as the final electron acceptor. Cyanide permanently reduces cytochrome a3, preventing other components to change into the oxidized state. This causes the proton gradient to break down, stopping ATP synthesis. Cyanide permanently oxidizes cytochrome a3, preventing other components to change into the reduced state. This causes the proton gradient to break down, stopping ATP synthesis. Cyanide uncouples the proton gradient from the process of ATP synthesis. Cyanide permanently reduces cytochrome a3, preventing other components to change into the oxidized state. This causes the proton gradient to break down, stopping ATP synthesis. Which of the following situations does not result in a breakdown of the proton gradient? Uncoupling proteins Oxygen deprivation Cyanide poisoning Uncoupling proteins Much of the energy released in catabolic reactions is captured in ATP for use in other reactions. When the phosphate is transferred directly from an organic molecule to ADP in order to produce ATP without an energized membrane, what has occurred? substrate-level phosphorylation cyclic photophosphorylation oxidative phosphorylation noncyclic photophosphorylation ...substrate-level phosphorylation According to the animation, which compounds provide electrons to the system? Oxygen NADH and FADH2 FADH2 Water NADH NADH and FADH2 According to the animation, what does oxygen get reduced to at the end of the electron transport chain? Electrons Protons ATP Water NADH Water According to the animation, what does the electron transport chain do to the concentration of hydrogen ions (protons)? The concentration of protons is lower outside the membrane than inside. The concentration of protons is higher outside the membrane than inside. The concentration of protons inside the membrane is equal to the concentration outside of the membrane. The concentration of protons is higher outside the membrane than inside. The process of generating ATP using a proton gradient is referred to as water damming. the electron transport chain. chemiosmosis. ... Why does FADH2 yield less ATP than NADH? FADH2 electrons enter the electron transport chain at a lower energy level. FADH2 binds directly to the ATP synthase enzyme. Electrons from FADH2 cannot pump hydrogen ions out of the cell. FADH2 electrons ultimately do not go to oxygen. FADH2 electrons enter the electron transport chain at a lower energy level. Which of the following can be used as a final electron acceptor for aerobic respiration? Molecular oxygen Nitrate ion, sulfate ion and carbonate ion can all be used as a final electron acceptor. Sulfate ion Nitrate ion Carbonate ion Molecular oxygen What is one difference between ubiquinones and cytochromes? Ubiquinones can only be oxidized; cytochromes can only be reduced. Ubiquinones are not made of protein; cytochromes are. Ubiquinones cannot carry electrons; cytochromes can. Ubiquinones can only be reduced; cytochromes can only be oxidized. Ubiquinones are not made of protein; cytochromes are. How does the proton gradient help ATP synthase to make ATP? Protons move along the membrane. Protons move from inside the membrane to outside the membrane. Protons move from outside the membrane to inside the membrane. Protons are not involved with this step; only electrons are. Protons move from outside the membrane to inside the membrane. Iron is considered an essential element for many bacteria. Based on the animation, how would lack of iron affect energy production of a bacterium? Lack of iron would not have any affect on this system. Lack of iron would mean lack of heme, and thus lower amounts of functioning cytochrome proteins. This would mean lower energy yields. Lack of iron would mean that most of the oxygen could be reduced to form water, improving energy yields. ... Which of the following statements about fermentation is true? It is an alternative way for a cell to produce oxygen. It provides additional protons to allow the electron transport chain to continue. It allows the electron transport chain to continue in the absence of oxygen. It is an alternative way to return electron carriers to their oxidized state. It is an alternative way to return electron carriers to their oxidized state. What is the role of pyruvic acid in fermentation? It is the organic acid end-product of fermentation. It takes the electrons from NADH, oxidizing it back into NAD+. It provides the protons to be used in the electron transport chain. It becomes the final electron acceptor for the electron transport chain in the absence of oxygen. It takes the electrons from NADH, oxidizing it back into NAD+. What is the fate of the NAD+ newly regenerated by fermentation? It is converted into an organic acid. It is oxidized into carbon dioxide. It returns to glycolysis to pick up more electrons. It is converted into ethanol. ... Which of the following is an acid produced by fermentation? Lactic acid and propionic acid Propionic acid Pyruvic acid Ethanol Lactic acid ... What is the intermediate product formed by pyruvic acid during alcoholic fermentation? Lactic acid Ethanol Formic acid Acetaldehyde Carbon dioxide ... Why is ATP required for glycolysis? ATP is used to convert DHAP into G3P. ATP is used to convert PEP into pyruvic acid. ATP is used to reduce NAD+ to NADH. ATP makes it easier to break apart glucose into two three-carbon molecules. ... Glycolysis literally means sugar splitting. Embden-Meyerhof. sugar producing. energy producing. sugar splitting. How many net ATPs can be made from one molecule of glucose in glycolysis? Four Two One Six ... What carbon molecules remain at the end of glycolysis? Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) Glucose Pyruvic acid
Pyruvic acid Which of the following statements about glycolysis is true? All cells perform glycolysis. Glycolysis is the main source of NADH in the cell. Glycolysis produces glucose. Glycolysis is also called the Embden-Meyerhof pathway Glycolysis is also called the Embden-Meyerhof pathway Glycolysis produces energy in which form? NADH, ATP, and pyruvic acid Pyruvic acid NADH and ATP ATP NADH NADH and ATP Which step is the step for which glycolysis is named? First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Fourth What is meant by substrate-level phosphorylation? Production of ATP using energy from a proton gradient Production of ATP by transferring phosphates directly from metabolic products to ADP Splitting of glucose into two pyruvic acid molecules Reduction of NAD+ to NADH Production of ATP by transferring phosphates directly from metabolic products to ADP What is the driving force of energy production in steps 6 and 7? The reduction of NAD+ to NADH The reduction of three-carbon compounds The oxidation of three-carbon compounds The energy potential of a proton gradient The oxidation of three-carbon compounds What is the net production of ATP in glycolysis? Four ATP Eight ATP Two ATP Six ATP Two ATP What occurs at the bridge step? The production of GTP Decarboxylation of pyruvic acid The formation of succinyl CoA The formation of oxaloacetate Decarboxylation of pyruvic acid Based on the animation, how many electron carriers are reduced in the Krebs cycle only? Four Three Five Six Four What is the function of GTP? An oxidizer to produce CO2 An energy carrier A scaffolding for carbon atoms An electron carrier An energy carrier What is the fate of metabolites during respiration? They are oxidized completely to form pyruvic acid. They are reduced to from NADH and FADH2. They are rearranged to form GTP. They are oxidized completely to carbon dioxide and water. They are oxidized completely to carbon dioxide and water. Which of the following is needed as a reactant for the first step of the citric acid cycle? Oxaloacetic acid Malic acid Succinyl CoA Citric acid Oxaloacetic acid Where does the energy come from to power the formation of GTP? NADH ATP Water Succinyl CoA Succinyl CoA Which step involves the release of carbon dioxide? The first and eighth steps The seventh step The third and fourth steps The second step The third and fourth steps How many molecules of ATP can be generated from one molecule of NADH? One Two Four Three
Three Which step(s) of the Krebs cycle does (do) not produce any usable energy? The sixth step The third step The fifth step The first and eighth steps The second and seventh steps The second and seventh steps Which of the following types of organisms uses hydrogen sulfide for reducing power? Purple sulfur bacteria Green nonsulfur bacteria Algae Cyanobacteria Purple nonsulfur bacteria Purple sulfur bacteria In which organism would you likely find a chlorosome? Purple sulfur bacteria Purple nonsulfur bacteria Algae Cyanobacteria Green sulfur bacteria Green sulfur bacteria Which of the following is a bacterium that performs oxygenic photosynthesis? Purple nonsulfur bacteria Green nonsulfur bacteria Cyanobacteria Purple sulfur bacteria Green sulfur bacteria Cyanobacteria What is the key difference between photoheterotrophs and photoautotrophs? Photoautotrophs only use bacteriochlorophyll; photoheterotrophs only use chlorophyll a. Photoheterotrophs use hydrogen sulfide for reducing power; photoautotrophs do not. Photoheterotrophs use organic compounds as their carbon source; photoautotrophs use carbon dioxide as their carbon source. Photoheterotrophs produce oxygen as a by-product; photoautotrophs do not. Photoheterotrophs use organic compounds as their carbon source; photoautotrophs use carbon dioxide as their carbon source. Which of the following is a trait unique to photosynthetic eukaryotes? Living in aerobic environments The presence of chloroplasts Using water for reducing power The presence of thylakoid membranes The presence of chlorophyll a The presence of chloroplasts Why is ATP required for glycolysis? ATP is used to convert DHAP into G3P. ATP is used to convert PEP into pyruvic acid. ATP is used to reduce NAD+ to NADH. ATP makes it easier to break apart glucose into two three-carbon molecules. ATP makes it easier to break apart glucose into two three-carbon molecules. The Pentose Phosphate Pathway is a part of photosynthesis. is an example of catabolism. is another name for fermentation. is an example of anabolism. is an example of anabolism. According to the animation, oxidative phosphorylation is an anabolic process. is a catabolic process. requires a net input of energy. makes larger compounds from smaller ones. is a catabolic process. How many net ATPs can be made from one molecule of glucose in glycolysis? Four Two One Six Two Which of the following is true of anabolic reactions? Anabolic and catabolic reactions both build complex organic molecules from simpler ones; however, Anabolic reactions release energy, which is used to produce ATP. Anabolic reactions break down complex organic compounds into simpler ones. Anabolic reactions use ATP and small substrates as building blocks to synthesize larger molecules. Anabolic reactions use ATP and small substrates as building blocks to synthesize larger molecules. Catabolic reactions are generally degradative and hydrolytic. True True Which of the following statements regarding metabolism is FALSE? ATP is formed in catabolic reactions. Anabolic reactions are degradative. ADP is formed in anabolic reactions. Heat may be released in both anabolic and catabolic reactions. Anabolic reactions are degradative. Which of the following statements are TRUE? 1, 3, 4 2, 3, 5 2, 4, 5 1, 2, 3 All of the statements are true. 2, 4, 5 What is the fate of the NAD+ newly regenerated by fermentation? It is converted into an organic acid. It is oxidized into carbon dioxide. It returns to glycolysis to pick up more electrons. It is converted into ethanol. ...It returns to glycolysis to pick up more electrons. Increasing the temperature of a reaction will do all of the following EXCEPT increase the number of molecules attaining activation energy. increase the number of molecular collisions. increase kinetic energy of the molecules. increase the reaction rate. increase the activation energy. increase the activation energy. Which of the following actions would increase enzymatic activity in a bacterial cell that normally thrives in the human body? increasing the substrate level in the environment beyond saturation placing the bacteria in the refrigerator adding a second substrate that can act as a slightly increasing the temperature within the optimum range slightly increasing the temperature within the optimum range Which of the following matches enzyme components with their correct definition and/or function? Coenzymes are organic cofactors important to enzyme activity. Apoenzymes are the non-protein component of an enzyme. Cofactors are the protein components of enzymes. Apoenzymes are typically inorganic molecules, such as iron, zinc, or magnesium. Coenzymes are organic cofactors important to enzyme activity. Which of the following is true concerning ribozymes? Ribozymes act on a variety of substrates, such as sugar and proteins. Ribozymes have an active site and are not used up in chemical reactions. Ribozymes would be affected by all the same factors that influence other enzymes. Ribozymes are protein molecules that behave as enzymes. Ribozymes have an active site and are not used up in chemical reactions. The use of enzymes is necessary to increase the activation energy requirements of a chemical reaction. True False Much of the energy released in catabolic reactions is captured in ATP for use in other reactions. When the phosphate is transferred directly from an organic molecule to ADP in order to produce ATP without an energized membrane, what has occurred? substrate-level phosphorylation cyclic photophosphorylation oxidative phosphorylation noncyclic photophosphorylation ...
Much of the energy released in catabolic reactions is captured in ATP for use in other reactions. When the phosphate is transferred directly from an organic molecule to ADP in order to produce ATP without an energized membrane, what has occurred? substrate-level phosphorylation cyclic photophosphorylation oxidative phosphorylation noncyclic photophosphorylation substrate-level phosphorylation Gallionella bacteria can get energy from the reaction Fe2+ → Fe3+. This reaction is an example of oxidation. reduction. fermentation. the Calvin-Benson cycle. photophosphorylation. oxidation A bacterium that only possesses the ability to ferment obtains energy by glycolysis only. by fermentation or aerobic respiration. by aerobic respiration only. only in the absence of oxygen. only in the presence of oxygen. by glycolysis only. The process of generating ATP using a proton gradient is referred to as water damming. the electron transport chain. chemiosmosis. ...chemiosmosis Which of the following is the best definition of fermentation? the production of energy by oxidative-level phosphorylation the production of energy by both substrate and oxidative phosphorylation the partial reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid the partial oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors the complete catabolism of glucose to CO2 and H2O the partial oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors
The advantage of the pentose phosphate pathway is that it produces all of the following EXCEPT three ATPs. NADPH. precursors for nucleic acids. precursors for the synthesis of glucose. precursors for the synthesis of amino acids. three ATPs. Which of the following statements regarding the Entner-Doudoroff pathway is TRUE? NADH and ATP are generated. ATP is generated. It involves the pentose phosphate pathway. It involves glycolysis. NADH is generated. NADH and ATP are generated. Which of the following statements regarding the glycolysis pathway is FALSE? Two NADH molecules are generated. Two molecules of water are generated. One molecule of ATP is expended. Four ATP molecules are generated via substrate-level phosphorylation. Two pyruvate molecules are generated. One molecule of ATP is expended. In cellular respiration of glucose, what are the three principal stages? Calvin-Benson cycle, electron transport chain, and glycolysis chemiosmosis, photophosphorylation, and reduction glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain fermentation, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain Which of the following is true of aerobic respiration compared to anaerobic respiration? Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration both require oxygen as a final electron acceptor. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as a final electron acceptor, whereas anaerobic respiration uses an organic molecule. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as a final electron acceptor, whereas anaerobic respiration uses an inorganic molecule other than oxygen as the final electron acceptor. Aerobic respiration is less efficient than all forms of anaerobic respiration, producing less ATP and larger end-products. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as a final electron acceptor, whereas anaerobic respiration uses an inorganic molecule other than oxygen as the final electron acceptor. Which biochemical process is NOT used during glycolysis? enzymatic reactions oxidation-reduction substrate-level phosphorylation carbohydrate catabolism beta oxidation beta oxidation Assume you are growing bacteria on a lipid medium that started at pH 7. The action of bacterial lipases should cause the pH of the medium to increase (become more alkaline). decrease (become more acidic). stay the same. decrease (become more acidic). A bacterial culture grown in a glucose-peptide medium causes the pH to increase. The bacteria are most likely oxidizing the glucose. using the peptides. not growing. fermenting the glucose. using the peptides. Both respiration and photosynthesis require the use of an electron transport chain. True False True Which of the following uses CO2 for carbon and H2 for energy? chemoautotroph chemoheterotroph photoautotroph photoheterotroph chemoautotroph Which of the following has bacteriochlorophylls and uses alcohols for carbon? chemoautotroph chemoheterotroph photoautotroph photoheterotroph photoheterotroph Which statements correspond to amphibolic pathways? 2, 4 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 3, 4 1 only 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 Which of the following terms refers to pathways that can function both in anabolism and catabolism? chemiosmotic pathways homolactic fermentation pathways amphibolic pathways light-dependent pathways amphibolic pathways
Why is glucose such a good source of energy for bacteria? Glucose is a highly reduced compound, containing many carbon-hydrogen bonds and a lot of potential energy. What is the main function of fermentation? To regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis. To produce sugars for ATP generation. To generate acetyl CoA for the Krebs cycle. To regenerate NADH for the electron transport chain. To regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis. Which of the following gases is or are produced during the breakdown of cysteine and methionine and is responsible for foul-smelling flatulence? Pyruvate O2 H2S H2O H2S Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)? Fever Diarrhea Abdominal pain Constipation Cramping Fever Sets with similar termsMastering Microbiology Ch. 588 terms Thuy_Do4 Mastering Microbiology Chapter 560 terms cynthia_kim2 Microbiology Ch. 594 terms mh63507 Chapter 5 Hw Questions87 terms alisa_kaven Sets found in the same folderCh. 5 Microbiology Test Microbial Metabolism60 terms jdwoody00 Microbial Growth24 terms zhall1 Mastering Micro Chapter 580 terms Chelsea_Sasaki Mastering microbe chapter 5 - metabolism41 terms andres_ramirez630 Other sets by this creatorBlast Resistance Thesis Chapter72 terms tyler_malone9PLUS Tiller Density GWAS78 terms tyler_malone9PLUS Polyploids23 terms tyler_malone9PLUS Stability Analysis17 terms tyler_malone9PLUS Verified questions
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What part of the bacterial cell is responsible for energy production?Mitochondria is responsible for the production of energy in the cell. Mitochondria is also known as the powerhouse of the cell. It has a double membrane-bound structure. They are found inside the cytoplasm of the cell and synthesize energy in the form of ATP molecules.
Do all bacteria ferment glucose?Do all bacteria ferment glucose? Most bacteria can ferment glucose, but not all; they can metabolize some specific sugar, not all. For most eukaryotes, glucose is the primary source of energy.
What is heterotrophic metabolism?Heterotrophic metabolism. As stated above, heterotrophic (or organotrophic) bacteria require organic molecules to provide their carbon and energy.
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A bacterium that only possesses the ability to ferment obtains energy
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