J Exp Med. 1934 Jun 30; 60(1): 63–84.
Abstract1. The experimental observations have been summarized at the end of an earlier section. The more important facts only will be recapitulated here. The capacity of the lymphatics for removing fluid from the tissues greatly exceeds the rate at which freshly formed tissue fluid can be made available for removal. Edematous regions can be rendered non-edematous by the application of measures, such as massage, passive motion, or normal exercise, which activate the lymphatics. During continuous activity the rate of lymph flow is first variable and later relatively constant. Constant rates of flow must correspond to the production of fresh lymph. A study of the constant rates indicates that lymph formation in the edematous animal is certainly only slightly greater, and possibly not greater at all, than under conditions of normality. When the protein of plasma decreases, the protein of lymph is also lowered. The loss of protein from lymph takes place at a faster rate than from plasma, so that the ratio of serum protein to lymph protein is greater in the edematous than in the normal animal. In edematous animals the concentration of protein in lymph is of the same order of magnitude as the concentration in edema fluids. The two fluids are not, however, identical in composition. Minor fluctuations in the protein content of lymph always occur during a period of continuous collection. 2. The factors involved in the circulation and accumulation of tissue fluid are discussed. Reasons are given for offering the following suggestions. Significant differences in tissue pressure or tension exist between the states resulting from quiescence and activation of the lymphatics. The differences give rise to variations in the relative areas of capillary wall, functioning for filtration and reabsorption. When the lymphatics are activated it is possible that capillary reabsorption may be completely in abeyance. A decline in the proteins of plasma may be associated with a diminished permeability of the capillaries. Such a lowering of capillary permeability would account for two features, both of which have been demonstrated: (1) failure to observe an appreciably increased rate of lymph formation in the edematous animal, and (2) the extremely low concentration of protein in lymph from edematous animals. Although the difference between the protein concentrations of edema fluid and lymph from the same region is small, the conclusion is not yet justified that a similarly small difference exists between normal tissue fluid and normal lymph. Full TextThe Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.3M). Selected ReferencesThese references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
Articles from The Journal of Experimental Medicine are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press How does lymph differ from plasma?Lymph is a clear watery fluid that is very similar to blood plasma except that it contains large numbers of white blood cells, mostly lymphocytes. It also contains protein, cellular debris, foreign particles and bacteria.
Is lymph transport faster than blood circulation?Lymph flows more slowly than blood. The cell walls of lymph vessels are more permeable than those of the capillary walls of blood vessels.
How fast does lymph circulate?It is estimated (Renkin 1986) that capillaries lose to the interstitium some 8 L/day of fluid which becomes afferent lymph; after reabsorption at nodes (usually several nodes along a typical lymphatic vessel pathway), the total post-nodal (efferent) flow-rate is about 4 L/day.
Is lymph fluid the same as plasma?Lymph. Lymph is a fluid similar in composition to blood plasma. It is derived from blood plasma as fluids pass through capillary walls at the arterial end. As the interstitial fluid begins to accumulate, it is picked up and removed by tiny lymphatic vessels and returned to the blood.
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Does lymph circulate more rapidly than plasma
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