How do you calculate revenue variance?

Measuring differences between actual sales and expected sales

Table of Contents Show

What is Revenue Variance Analysis?
Four Types of Revenue Variance
Download the Free Template
Revenue Variance Analysis Template
Market Share and Market Size Variances
Importance of Variance Analysis
Additional Resources
What is the revenue variance formula?
What is revenue variance in accounting?
How do you calculate revenue and spending variance?
How do you calculate static budget variance of revenue?

What is Revenue Variance Analysis?

Revenue Variance Analysis is used to measure differences between actual sales and expected sales, based on sales volume metrics, sales mix metrics, and contribution margin calculations.

Information obtained from Revenue Variance Analysis is important to organizations because it enables management to determine actual sales performance in relation to the projected or perceived performance of the company for specific products. It helps businesses identify which products are performing better in the market. Overall, variance analysis helps management make better strategic and business-level decisions to maximize profitability.

Learn to perform revenue variance analysis in our online forecasting course.

Four Types of Revenue Variance

Similar to variance analysis, we can use the same column-based approach to calculate the four different types of revenue variance.

And finally, Sales Volume Variance (SVV) = Sales Mix Variance + Sales Quantity Variance.

These variances are summarized in the following table:

Flexible Budget Variance (FBV)	Sales Mix Variance (SMV)	Sales Quantity Variance (SQV)
Difference between the actual contribution margin and the standard contribution with sales mix and sales volume held constant	Difference between the actual product mix and the standard product mix with sales volume and contribution margin held constant	Difference between the actual volume of sales and the standard (estimated) volume of sales with sales mix and contribution margin held constant

Example

Data from XYZ Company with equal Actual CM and Budgeted CM.

	Standard Ticket	Luxury Ticket
Contribution Margin	$20	$5
Budgeted tickets sold	4,000	6,000
Actual seats sold	3,300	7,700

To determine the relevant variances, we use the column method shown above.

First, organize a table that outlines all relevant information regarding the two products.

	Budget			Actual
	Volume	Sales Mix (%)	CM	Volume	Sales Mix (%)	CM
Standard	4,000	40%	$20	3,300	30%	$20
Luxury	6,000	60%	$5	7,700	70%	$5
Total	10,000	100%		11,000	100%

Standard Ticket:

SVV = 22,000 U + 8,000 F = 14,000 U

Luxury Ticket:

SVV = 5,500 F + 3,000 F = 8,500 F

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Revenue Variance Analysis Template

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Analysis

From the above example, management can draw several conclusions:

For the standard ticket, the actual sales mix is lower than originally budgeted, leading to an unfavorable sales mix variance.
For the standard ticket, the actual sales volume is higher than originally estimated, leading to a favorable sales quantity variance.
The sales volume variance, therefore, is unfavorable overall because the sales mix variance is significant.
For the luxury ticket, the actual sales mix is higher than originally budgeted, leading to a favorable sales mix variance.
For the luxury ticket, the actual sales volume is higher than estimated, leading to a favorable sales quantity variance
The sales volume variance, therefore, is favorable overall and the luxury ticket proves to be performing better in terms of sales even though the contribution margin is lower.
For both tickets, the flexible budget variance is 0 because the actual and budgeted CM are the same.

Just like the variance analysis shown above, companies can also take their analysis one step further to determine market share and market size variances. Market share variance is the difference between actual market share and the estimated/standard market share at the same volume of sales.

On the other hand, market size variance is the difference between actual industry sales and estimated industry sales at a constant market share percentage. When the market share and market size variances are added together, they will be equal to the total sales quantity variance of all products sold by the company.

Learn to perform revenue variance analysis in our online budgeting course.

Importance of Variance Analysis

Variance analysis, as a whole, is imperative for companies because it gives management information that may not necessarily be obvious. By actually examining all individual costs, sales information, and contribution margin figures, companies can better measure the effectiveness of production methods and the performance of specific products relative to others.

For example, even though a certain product may provide a larger contribution margin, leading to higher profitability, it may actually be performing worse than a lower contribution product. Although in the short run the higher CM product may be more appealing, companies should consider which products to focus their efforts on if they intend to maintain longevity in today’s highly competitive market.

Additional Resources

Thank you for reading CFI’s guide to Revenue Variance Analysis. To help you advance your career, check out the additional CFI resources below:

Sales Revenue
Analysis of Financial Statements
Revenue Recognition Principle
Projecting Balance Sheet Items

What is the revenue variance formula?

This is the difference between the actual and expected number of units sold, multiplied by the budgeted price per unit. The intent of this variance is to isolate changes in the number of units sold.

What is revenue variance in accounting?

Revenue Variance Analysis is used to measure differences between actual sales and expected sales, based on sales volume metrics, sales mix metrics, and contribution margin calculations.

How do you calculate revenue and spending variance?

There are many variations for calculating spending variance for different types of expenses, but the basic formula for this calculation is:.

Actual cost - expected cost = spending variance..

(Actual variable overhead rate - expected variable overhead rate) x hours worked = variable overhead spending variance..

How do you calculate static budget variance of revenue?

To calculate a static budget variance, simply subtract the actual spend from the planned budget for each line item over the given time period. Divide by the original budget to calculate the percentage variance.