Show Word PartsMedical terms are built from word parts. Those word parts are , , , and . When a word root is combined with a combining form vowel the word part is referred to as a . Identifying Word Parts in Medical TermsBy the end of this book, you will have identified hundreds of word parts within medical terms. Let’s start with some common medical terms that many non-medically trained people may be familiar with. Osteoarthritis Intravenous Notice, when breaking down words that you place slashes between word parts and a slash on each side of a . Language ReviewBefore we begin analyzing the rules let’s complete a short language review that will assist with pronunciation and spelling. Short Vowels Long Vowels Consonants Language RulesLanguage rules are a good place to start when building a medical terminology foundation. Many medical terms are built from word parts and can be translated . At first, literal translations sound awkward. Once you build a medical vocabulary and become proficient at using it, the awkwardness will slip away. For example, suffixes will no longer be stated and will be assumed. The definition of intravenous then becomes within the vein. Since you are at the beginning of building your medical terminology foundation, stay literal when applicable. It should be noted that as with all language rules there are always exceptions and we refer to those as . Language Rules for Building Medical Terms
Medical terminology is language used to describe anatomical structures, processes, conditions, medical procedures, and treatments. At first glance, medical terms may appear intimidating, but once you understand the basic word structure and the definitions of some common word elements, the meaning of thousands of medical terms can be easily parsed. Most medical terms adhere to a fixed structure of a prefix, root, and suffix. These word components are assembled like building blocks to create a vast vocabulary. Greeks are considered the founders of rational medicine and medical terms are primarily derived from Greek and Latin.1 Over centuries, the language of medicine has evolved into multiple national medical languages. Today, medical English is the dominant language for international communication. English is used in most influential medical journals and it has become the language of choice at international conferences.2 Basic Term StructureMedical terms are comprised of these standard word parts:
Breaking a word down into its component parts should help readers determine the meaning of an unfamiliar term. For example, hypothermia has the prefix hypo- (meaning below normal), the root therm (heat or warmth), and the suffix -ia (condition). Word RootsA root is the foundational element of any medical term. Roots often indicate a body part or system. Common word roots:
Compound Words A medical word may include multiple roots. This frequently occurs when referencing more than one body part or system. For example, cardio-pulmo-nary means pertaining to the heart and lungs; gastro-entero-logy means the study of the stomach and intestines. Combining Forms A combining vowel is used when a root is followed by another word part that begins with a consonant. A combining vowel (usually the letter ‘o’) is added after the root (e.g. neur-o-logy) to aid pronunciation. The root and vowel together (e.g. neur-o) are called the combining form. For simplicity, combining vowel options are omitted from the word part tables. PrefixesA prefix modifies the meaning of the word root. It may indicate a location, type, quality, body category, or quantity. The prefix is optional and does not appear in all medical terms. Common prefixes:
SuffixesMedical terms always end with a suffix.3 The suffix usually indicates a specialty, test, procedure, function, condition/disorder, or status. For example, “itis” means inflammation and “ectomy” means removal. Alternatively, the suffix may simply make the word a noun or adjective. For example, the endings -a, -e, -um, and -us are commonly used to create a singular noun (e.g. crani-um). Though the suffix appears at the end of the term, it often comes first in the definition. For example, appendicitis means inflammation (-itis) of the appendix.4 Accordingly, it is sometimes helpful to read unfamiliar medical terms from right to left. Occasionally, a medical term may be comprised of a prefix and suffix. For example, apnea includes the prefix a- (without) and suffix -pnea (breathing). Common suffixes (letters in parenthesis are not always present):
Plural Forms Adding an “s” or “es” to the end of a word is often the straightforward method to make a word plural in English and many modern Romance languages. In medical terminology, however, things are a little more complicated. The plural form of each word is based on the last two letters of the singular suffix. There are several exceptions. For example, “virus” is a Latin term without a plural form. “Viruses” is the accepted plural form. Elsewhere, the suffix “s” or “es” has occasionally prevailed in common usage. For example, the plural form of “hematoma” is “hematomas” rather than “hematomata.” Common singular endings and corresponding plural endings:
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Published: January 9, 2020 Last updated: December 24, 2021 What are the 4 elements of a medical word?Medical terms are built from word parts. Those word parts are prefix , word root , suffix , and combining form vowel . When a word root is combined with a combining form vowel the word part is referred to as a combining form .
What are the five important elements of medical terms?Word Elements make up the basis of medical terminology: the prefix, suffix, root, combining vowel, and combining form.
What three elements make up most medical terms?There are three basic parts to medical terms: a word root (usually the middle of the word and its central meaning), a prefix (comes at the beginning and usually identifies some subdivision or part of the central meaning), and a suffix (comes at the end and modifies the central meaning as to what or who is interacting ...
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