You are here Show
Habitat: typically areas with wet soils including primarily wetlands and floodplains adjacent to rivers and streams Height: 2-9 feet  Reed Canary Grass - Photo by Rob Routledge, Sault College, Bugwood.org Site Requirements Leaves: flat, gradually tapering, hairless blade is rough on both sides, 1-4 feet long and up to 0.75 inches wide; long membranous ligule Flowering Dates: May-July The branching flower clusters (panicles) of reed canary grass are 3-6 inches long. Flowers are initially greenish purple and change to yellowish brown as seeds mature. Control MethodsReed canary grass is difficult to control so a combination of methods is necessary. Control practices need to suppress above ground growth, address below ground rhizomes and seed bank, and promote native species to compete with reed canary grass. The timing of treatment is important and persistence is key. Generally control methods will need to be applied for at least 3-5 years in a row. Reed canary grass rebounds quickly if a single year is skipped. In Iowa, cattle grazing, disking, mowing, and chemical control have been effective to varying degrees. Our chemical control of unwanted vegetation article has information on specific herbicides to use. For more detailed information on timing and methods of control check out this reed canary grass management guide. stages of reed canary grass flower clusters - Photo by Leslie J Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Reed Canary Grass Blades - Photo by Ohio State Weed Lab, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org Winter Reed Canary Grass Infestation - Photo by Adam Janke, Iowa State University Reed Canary Grass Infestation - Photo by Leslie J Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org
A variegated form of Phalaris arundinacea in the garden of Islington College, Nepal Phalaris arundinacea, or reed canary grass,[1] is a tall, perennial bunchgrass that commonly forms extensive single-species stands along the margins of lakes and streams and in wet open areas, with a wide distribution in Europe, Asia, northern Africa and North America.[2] Other common names for the plant include gardener's-garters in English, alpiste roseau in French, Rohrglanzgras in German, kusa-yoshi in Japanese, caniço-malhado in Portuguese, and hierba cinta and pasto cinto in Spanish.[3] Description[edit]The stems can reach 2 metres (6.6 ft) in height.[4] The leaf blades are usually green, but may be variegated. The panicles are up to 30 centimeters long.[4] The spikelets are light green, often streaked with darker green or purple.[5] This is a perennial grass which spreads underground by its thick rhizomes.[4] Uses[edit]A number of cultivars of P. arundinacea have been selected for use as ornamental plants, including variegated (striped) cultivars – sometimes called ribbon grass – such as 'Castor' and 'Feesey'. The latter has a pink tinge to the leaves.[6] When grown, although drought-tolerant, it likes abundant water and can even be grown as an aquatic plant.[6] Reed canary grass grows well on poor soil and contaminated industrial sites, and researchers at Teesside University's Contaminated Land & Water Centre have suggested it as the ideal candidate for phytoremediation in improving soil quality and biodiversity at brownfield sites.[citation needed] The grass can also easily be turned into bricks or pellets for burning in biomass power stations.[7] Furthermore, it provides fibers which find use in pulp and papermaking processes.[8] P. arundinacea is also planted as a hay crop or for forage. This species of Phalaris may also be used as a source for the psychedelic drugs DMT, 5-MeO-DMT and 5-OH-DMT (bufotenin), as well as Hordenine and 5-MeO-NMT;[9] however, N,N-DMT is considered most desirable. Although the concentrations of these compounds is lower than in other potential sources, such as Psychotria viridis and Mimosa tenuiflora, large enough quantities of the grass can be refined to make an ad hoc ayahuasca brew. Ecology[edit]In many places, P. arundinacea is an invasive species in wetlands, particularly in disturbed areas.[10] It has been reported as an invasive weed in floodplains, riverside meadows, and other wetland habitat types around the world. When P. arundinacea invades a wetland, it inhibits native vegetation and reduces biological diversity.[11] It alters the entire ecosystem.[12] The grass propagates by seed and rhizome,[10] and once established, is difficult to eradicate.[13] Distribution[edit]P. arundinacea now has world-wide distribution. It is regarded as native to both North America and Eurasia, but this is debated and it appears that the populations in North America are made up of a mixture of cultivars of both those that were introduced from Europe and indigenous varieties.[14] Chemical properties[edit]Specimins contain varying levels of hordenine and gramine.[15] Leaves of P. arundinacea contain DMT, 5-MeO-DMT and related compounds.[16] Levels of beta-carbolines[17] and hordenine[18] have also been reported. See also[edit]
References[edit]
External links[edit]
Is Reed canary grass native to North America?Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) is native to Europe, Asia, and North America. The European variety is particularly aggressive and it is likely that the invasive varieties are cultivars that were crossbred for fast growth.
When was reed canary grass introduced to the United States?Reed canary grass has been planted throughout the U.S. since the 1800s for forage and erosion control.
Is Phalaris grass native to Australia?Status: Native to southern Europe but naturalised throughout Australia.
Is Reed canary grass native to Wisconsin?Reed canary grass | (Phalaris arundinacea) | Wisconsin DNR.
|
Where is reed canary grass native
Related Posts
Copyright © 2024 ShotOnMac Inc.
