CHON is a mnemonic acronym for the four most common elements in living organisms: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Show The acronym CHNOPS, which stands for carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, represents the six most important chemical elements whose covalent combinations make up most biological molecules on Earth. They were created in stars in outer space a long time ago and when a supernova occurred, these elements were sent into space. All of these elements are nonmetals. ElementMass in plantsMass in animalsBiological usesCarbon12%19%Found in carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.Hydrogen10%10%Found in carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.Nitrogen1%4%Found in nucleic acids, proteins and some lipids (E.G sphingolipids)Oxygen77%63%Found in carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.Phosphorus<1%<1%Found in lipids and nucleic acids.Sulfur<1%<1%Found in proteins.In the human body, these four elements compose about 96% of the weight, and major minerals (macrominerals) and minor minerals (also called trace elements) compose the remainder. Sulfur is contained in the amino acids cysteine and methionine. Phosphorus is contained in phospholipids, a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes, as they can form lipid bilayers, which keep ions, proteins, and other molecules where they are needed for cell function, and prevent them from diffusing into areas where they should not be. Phosphate groups are also an essential component of the backbone of nucleic acids (general name for DNA & RNA) and are required to form ATP – the main molecule used as energy powering the cell in all living creatures. Carbonaceous asteroids are rich in CHON elements. These asteroids are the most common type, and frequently collide with Earth as meteorites. Such collisions were especially common early in Earth's history, and these impactors may have been crucial in the formation of the planet's oceans. The simplest compounds to contain all of the CHON elements are isomers fulminic acid (HCNO), isofulminic acid (HONC), cyanic acid (HOCN) and isocyanic acid (HNCO), having one of each atom. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Select Citation Style Copy CitationShare Share Share to social media Facebook Twitter URL https://www.britannica.com/science/biomoleculeGive Feedback External Websites Feedback Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Feedback Type Your Feedback Submit FeedbackThank you for your feedback Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. External Websites
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Alternate titles: biological molecule By Kara Rogers Table of Contents polynucleotide chain of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) See all media Key People:Jacques Dubochet...(Show more)Related Topics:protein lipid nucleic acid carbohydrate steroid...(Show more) See all related content → biomolecule, also called biological molecule, any of numerous substances that are produced by cells and living organisms. Biomolecules have a wide range of sizes and structures and perform a vast array of functions. The four major types of biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Among biomolecules, nucleic acids, namely DNA and RNA, have the unique function of storing an organism’s genetic code—the sequence of nucleotides that determines the amino acid sequence of proteins, which are of critical importance to life on Earth. There are 20 different amino acids that can occur within a protein; the order in which they occur plays a fundamental role in determining protein structure and function. Proteins themselves are major structural elements of cells. They also serve as transporters, moving nutrients and other molecules in and out of cells, and as enzymes and catalysts for the vast majority of chemical reactions that take place in living organisms. Proteins also form antibodies and hormones, and they influence gene activity. Likewise, carbohydrates, which are made up primarily of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, are essential energy sources and structural components of all life, and they are among the most abundant biomolecules on Earth. They are built from four types of sugar units—monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Lipids, another key biomolecule of living organisms, fulfill a variety of roles, including serving as a source of stored energy and acting as chemical messengers. They also form membranes, which separate cells from their environments and compartmentalize the cell interior, giving rise to organelles, such as the nucleus and the mitochondrion, in higher (more complex) organisms. Explore the various types of large biological molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids See all videos for this articleAll biomolecules share in common a fundamental relationship between structure and function, which is influenced by factors such as the environment in which a given biomolecule occurs. Lipids, for example, are hydrophobic (“water-fearing”); in water, many spontaneously arrange themselves in such a way that the hydrophobic ends of the molecules are protected from the water, while the hydrophilic ends are exposed to the water. This arrangement gives rise to lipid bilayers, or two layers of phospholipid molecules, which form the membranes of cells and organelles. In another example, DNA, which is a very long molecule—in humans, the combined length of all the DNA molecules in a single cell stretched end to end would be about 1.8 metres (6 feet), whereas the cell nucleus is about 6 μm (6 10-6 metre) in diameter—has a highly flexible helical structure that allows the molecule to become tightly coiled and looped. This structural feature plays a key role in enabling DNA to fit in the cell nucleus, where it carries out its function in coding genetic traits. Which biomolecules contain other elements aside from carbon, hydrogen oxygen?Carbohydrates and lipids are made of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO). Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON). Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (CHON P).
Do all biomolecules contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen?Biomolecules are biological molecules, which are the types of molecules that are found in living organisms. Every biological molecule has a carbon base, and also contains hydrogen and oxygen.
Which biomolecules contain nitrogen in addition to carbon, hydrogen and oxygen?In addition to carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, all proteins contain nitrogen. Proteins are large biological molecules or macromolecules consisting of one or more long chains of amino acids and carboxylic acid. Therefore, proteins are macromolecules formed by amino acids.
Which of the following biomolecules contain carbohydrate hydrogen and oxygen?Carbohydrates and nucleic acids have C, H, O, N, P and S. Lipids are chemically diverse group and mostly have long hydrocarbon chain composed of C, H and O. Thus, the correct answer is A.
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Which of the following biomolecules contain other elements aside from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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