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Recommended textbook solutions Myers' Psychology for AP2nd EditionDavid G Myers 900 solutions Myers' Psychology for the AP Course3rd EditionC. Nathan DeWall, David G Myers 955 solutions Social Psychology10th EditionElliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson 525 solutions Psychology1st EditionArlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins 580 solutions Which type of anxiety disorder is marked by a persistent and disproportionate fear of a specific object or situation that presents little or no actual danger? panic disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder generalized anxiety disorder specific phobia specific phobia Which of the following would be an example of anxiety? Julie jumped when she saw the snake. The voices in Paul's head told him he should be afraid. Hilda dreaded walking home alone. Carl was certain that the food was poisoned. Hilda dreaded walking home alone. People with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) sometimes believe that the high amount of worry associated with the disorder brings certain benefits. Which of the following is a benefit some believe to be associated with GAD? increased longevity ability to fend off panic attacks and physical ailments avoidance of catastrophe financial success brought about by fear of spending money avoidance of catastrophe Individuals with social phobia are likely to ________ be aggressive. attribute negative life events to internal, global, and stable factors. attribute events in their lives to external factors. have been raised in a permissive environment. attribute events in their lives to external factors. Unlike in the United States, the sources of worry in GAD seem to vary across cultures. For example, in Yoruba, __________. financial security getting a good job familial illness worries center on creating and maintaining a large family worries center on creating and maintaining a large family Which of the following statements accurately describes research findings involving anxiety disorders? Among the adult population, approximately 25 percent suffer from at least one anxiety disorder in any twelve-month period. People with anxiety disorders are the least likely to tap into medical services. Approximately 38 percent of the U.S. population will experience an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives. Anxiety disorders have the earliest age of onset of all mental disorders. Anxiety disorders have the earliest age of onset of all mental disorders. One of the main problems with the worry in generalized anxiety disorders is that it __________. is a form of avoidance of deeper emotional issues and prevents extinction increases the effects of operant conditioning on fears keeps people with the disorder feeling happier than if they didn't worry keeps people distracted from what is really bothering them is a form of avoidance of deeper emotional issues and prevents extinction Which of the following statements is correct in regard to the role of cognitions in panic? Panic can be prevented in a panic provocation study by explaining what will happen. Only individuals who tend to catastrophize develop panic disorder. Cognitive therapy is less effective than emotive therapy for panic disorder. Panic clients are more likely to interpret bodily sensations as catastrophic events. Panic clients are more likely to interpret bodily sensations as catastrophic events. Mrs. Belshy tells her psychologist, "I cannot leave a certain region around my home without having terrible fears. I am extremely worried when I am in a car or a bus. I am afraid I will have another one of those terrifying experiences." What disorder does Mrs. Belshy probably have and what experience is she talking about? The disorder is agoraphobia, the experience is a panic attack. The disorder is specific phobia, the experience is a panic attack. The disorder is obsessive-compulsive disorder, the experience is an obsession. The disorder is generalized anxiety disorder, the experience is anxiety. The disorder is agoraphobia, the experience is a panic attack. Which of the following is a true statement about Mowrer's two-process theory of avoidance learning? While it suggests mechanisms for the development of GAD, it does not account for the development of panic disorder and OCD. It has not been helpful in explaining why people with OCD develop obsessions in the first place and why some people never develop compulsive behaviors. It does not account for the effectiveness of extinction procedures in the treatment of OCD. It provides an explanation for the development of all anxiety disorders. It has not been helpful in explaining why people with OCD develop obsessions in the first place and why some people never develop compulsive behaviors. What is the primary difference between a fear response and a panic attack? Panic attacks are accompanied by a subjective sense of impending doom or fear of losing control that is not usually present during a fear response. Fear responses usually occur "out of the blue," while panic attacks are a response to a specific, identifiable trigger. Fear responses are emotional and cognitive in nature, while panic attacks involve only physical symptoms. Panic attacks are usually very short in duration, averaging about 30 seconds, while fear responses can last for hours. Panic attacks are accompanied by a subjective sense of impending doom or fear of losing control that is not usually present during a fear response. Which response pattern is described as a complex blend of unpleasant emotions and cognitions that is very diffuse and oriented to the future? apprehension trepidation fear anxiety anxiety A __________ occurs in the absence of any external threat. fear response panic attack psychotic episode depressive episode panic attack Diana and her family decide to go camping for the weekend. When Diana wakes up and steps out of her tent, she sees a bear with its back turned to her, going through their trash. She immediately freezes, her heart rate increases, and then she steps back into the tent quietly to make sure the bear does not hear or see her. This response would be considered a __________. panic attack anxiety disorder traumatic response fear response fear response Every time Tia walks by her neighbor's house, their outdoor cat arches his back and hisses at her, causing her to feel nervous that the cat is going to attack her. Which of the following scenarios is most likely to happen as a result of these repeated interactions? Tia will get increasingly scared of her neighbor's dog. Tia will feel nervous when passing her neighbor's house even when the cat is not outside. Tia will be scared of her neighbors. Tia will feel scared of all animals. Tia will feel nervous when passing her neighbor's house even when the cat is not outside. Which type of anxiety disorder is marked by a persistent and disproportionate fear of a specific object or situation that presents little or no actual danger? specific phobia generalized anxiety disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder panic disorder specific phobia Which of the following is no longer considered an anxiety disorder in DSM-5? panic disorder generalized anxiety disorder social anxiety obsessive-compulsive disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder Which of the following is considered the single most effective treatment for the various anxiety disorders? Aaron Beck's treatment strategies for depression psychodynamic therapy aimed at understanding the unconscious forces that perpetuate the anxiety treatment through graduated exposure to feared cues, objects, and situations virtual reality therapy, acclimating patients to feared stimuli treatment through graduated exposure to feared cues, objects, and situations __________ involves a pervasive sense of anxiety and worry across many different areas of life. Generalized anxiety disorder Social anxiety disorder Agoraphobia Panic disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Marita has a tremendous fear of baseball hats. She is not afraid of any other kind of hat, and in fact she wears stylish hats on a regular basis. When she is near a person wearing a baseball cap, however, she gets very upset and has to move away from them. She cannot explain why this fear exists and recognizes it to be irrational. Marita has had relationships end because of this fear in the past. What would be the best diagnosis for Marita's fear? specific phobia agoraphobia generalized anxiety disorder social anxiety disorder specific phobia Gjabolla has been suffering from a terrible fear of lightning for some time now. Whenever there are storms in the weather forecast, she gets very upset and plans on spending the duration of that time in her basement. She has even called in sick to work to avoid going out during a bad thunderstorm. How long would these symptoms have to persist before a diagnosis of a specific phobia could be made? 2 weeks 6 months 3 months 1 month 6 months Jonah has a crippling fear of thunderstorms. Even though he is in his teens, thunder and lightning cause him to retreat to his bedroom where he will hide under his bed covers until the storm ends. Jonah's mother has had a lifelong fear of thunderstorms since one of her siblings was struck by lightning and killed when she was young. According to learned behavior theory, how did Jonah's phobia develop? because of repressed id impulses through vicarious conditioning because of evolutionary preparedness through classical conditioning through vicarious conditioning How would a psychoanalytic theorist explain the emergence of a specific phobia? Unconscious repressed conflicts centered around an attachment figure are breaking through to one's preconscious awareness. Fixation at the anal or phallic stage of psychosexual development results in an aversion to a specific stimulus. Phobias are a defense against anxiety that stems from repressed id impulses. Phobias are a reaction formation to an acceptable desire to be close to or engage with the phobic target object. Phobias are a defense against anxiety that stems from repressed id impulses. From an evolutionary perspective, phobias are a result of __________ learning, which suggests that humans and other animals that rapidly learn to fear certain threatening objects or situations would have a selective advantage over other members of the species. prepared instinctive associative innate prepared Anthony has a tremendous and irrational fear of using a public restroom. No matter what his bathroom needs are, he is intensely afraid that he will embarrass or humiliate himself when using a public facility. This has led to significant disturbances in his personal and professional life. What might be the best diagnosis for Anthony's particular problem? agoraphobia social anxiety generalized anxiety disorder panic disorder social anxiety The frequency with which those suffering from social anxiety disorder can recall a specific traumatic experience as being at the root of their fear speaks to the importance of __________ in the development of such a condition. operant conditioning observational learning cognitive learning classical conditioning classical conditioning From a(n) __________ perspective, people with social anxiety would naturally fall toward the lower end of socially-constructed dominance hierarchies. neurological evolutionary existential Gestalt evolutionary From a biological model of social anxiety, __________ is the most important individual temperamental variable. stranger anxiety social activation separation reluctance behavioral inhibition behavioral inhibition Dr. Johnson is working with her patient to help reduce her symptoms of social anxiety. A key part of her treatment involves teaching her patient to uncover and, over time, adjust the automatic thought that she will "just sound dumb" if she talks at a party. What treatment technique is Dr. Johnson using? supportive psychotherapy exposure social activation cognitive restructuring cognitive restructuring Although a panic attack may last for as long as an hour or more, it typically reaches its peak intensity within __________ minutes. 30 20 10 5 10 Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the prevalence of panic disorder in women and men? About 90 percent of all people diagnosed with panic disorder are women. Panic disorder is rarely diagnosed in men, but is the single most common psychiatric condition seen in women. Panic disorder is twice as prevalent in women as it is in men. Panic disorder is one of the few psychiatric illnesses that are seen more in men than in women. Panic disorder is twice as prevalent in women as it is in men. Vincent, age 32, has recently experienced a panic attack for the first time in his life. He is worried that he will now develop a full-blown case of panic disorder. He should know that __________ percent of adults have had a panic attack, but most do not go on to develop panic disorder. 10 23 66 41 23 Which part of the brain stem has been implicated in the neurobiology of panic attacks? hypothalamus reticular activating system locus coeruleus amygdala locus coeruleus What evidence exists that nocturnal panic attacks are not specifically related to threatening or scary dreams? They typically occur during stage 2 and early stage 3 sleep. Dream states cause an involuntary depression of the sympathetic nervous system, making it impossible for a panic attack to occur. The higher centers of the brain, where panic attacks originate, remain dormant and inactive during the sleep stages involving dreams. People waking from sleep with a panic attack can almost never remember what it is that they were dreaming when they woke up. They typically occur during stage 2 and early stage 3 sleep. Luca is continually worried, but he cannot quite explain what he is upset about. He feels that there is always a reason to be anxious, and finds that his attempts to control this worry are unsuccessful. This has been going on more days than not for over a year. Luca may be suffering from __________. a specific phobia panic disorder generalized anxiety disorder social anxiety generalized anxiety disorder Research has found that classic symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder seem to disappear after the age of __________ for many people. 30 40 50 10 50 People with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) sometimes believe that the high amount of worry associated with the disorder brings certain benefits. Which of the following is a benefit some believe to be associated with GAD? ability to fend off panic attacks and physical ailments increased longevity financial success brought about by fear of spending money avoidance of catastrophe avoidance of catastrophe Dr. Mackelroy is seeing a client who suffers from the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. The therapy has focused on helping this client try to control her worries and anxiety-producing thoughts. What is a possible negative outcome of such an approach? Research finds that when such attempts are unsuccessful, the client develops an increased risk for a major depressive episode. The psychological energy needed to control these thoughts may rob from other important psychological functions, increasing the chance of developing a secondary diagnosis. It may lead to a paradoxical increase in intrusive thoughts and an enhanced perception of the client's inability to control them. For reasons not well-understood, attempts to increase one's control of worry and negative thoughts are associated with an increase in somatic symptoms. It may lead to a paradoxical increase in intrusive thoughts and an enhanced perception of the client's inability to control them. A functional deficiency in which neurotransmitter has been found to be associated with the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder? GABA glutamate serotonin dopamine GABA Although temporary, completing a compulsive act or series of acts usually brings on __________ for the patient. a state of dissociation feelings of euphoria shame and self-doubt satisfaction, reduced tension, and an increased sense of control satisfaction, reduced tension, and an increased sense of control __________ are persistent and recurrent intrusive thoughts that are experienced as disturbing, inappropriate, and uncontrollable. __________, on the other hand, involve repetitive behavior or mental rituals that a person feels driven to perform. Compulsions; Obsessions Ruminations; Kinetics Obsessions; Compulsions Kinetics; Ruminations Obsessions; Compulsions Childhood or early adolescent onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder is more common in __________ and is often associated with greater severity. middle children than oldest or youngest siblings only-children than kids with siblings girls than in boys boys than in girls boys than in girls Neurological research into physical causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder has found that abnormalities occur in the basal ganglia of those with the condition. Why would this be related to OCD? The basal ganglia are linked at the amygdala to the limbic system, which controls emotional behaviors. When the basal ganglia are underaroused, the most primitive parts of the brain—the brainstem—increase their activity to compensate. The basal ganglia are directly involved in regulating the way the two cerebral hemispheres communicate across the corpus callosum. Heightened activity of the basal ganglia results in a greater amount of synaptic pruning. This, in turn, heightens the incidence of obsessive thoughts. The basal ganglia are linked at the amygdala to the limbic system, which controls emotional behaviors. What is the most effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder? prescription benzodiazepines exposure and response prevention antidepressant medications habituation training exposure and response prevention Which culture-specific disorder features many of the symptoms of a panic attack, but also includes episodes of bursting into tears, anger, and uncontrollable shouting? koro susto ataque de nervios taijin kyofusho ataque de nervios According to the WHO's World Mental Health Survey Consortium, with the exception of __________, anxiety disorders are the most frequently reported psychological disorder in nations around the world. China Ukraine India Latvia Ukraine Which of the following psychological disorders is most similar to taijin kyofusho? social anxiety disorder anorexia nervosa post-traumatic stress disorder panic disorder social anxiety disorder Which of the following anxiety response components involves general avoidance of an upsetting stimulus? physiological cognitive behavioral subjective behavioral Which of the following is considered to be an anxiety disorder in DSM-5? schizophrenia bipolar I disorder agoraphobia obsessive-compulsive disorder agoraphobia __________ conditioning can be used to explain that the development of a phobia is transmitted when one person observes another person behaving in a phobic manner and then adopts that same fear of the stimulus. Vicarious Classical Operant Dispositional Vicarious What has research repeatedly found to be the best way of treating a specific phobia? pharmacotherapy Gestalt therapy exposure therapy psychoanalysis exposure therapy Which of the following most accurately describes outcomes of using D-cycloserine in the treatment of specific phobias? D-cycloserine is effective in reducing symptoms of specific phobias on its own. When used alongside exposure therapy, D-cycloserine decreases the effectiveness of treatment. When used alongside exposure therapy, D-cycloserine enhances the treatment of specific phobias. D-cycloserine has no beneficial effects in the treatment of specific phobias. When used alongside exposure therapy, D-cycloserine enhances the treatment of specific phobias. Results of a large study of children with parents with an emotional disorder found that those high on __________ between 2 and 6 years of age were nearly three times more likely to be diagnosed with social anxiety disorder than were children low on this trait. behavioral inhibition dependence introversion neuroticism behavioral inhibition Exposure to which two factors seems to play an important role in the development of social anxiety? depression and mania uncontrollability and unpredictability conflict and frustration aggression and assertion uncontrollability and unpredictability Although it does not always occur, __________ is a frequent complication of panic disorder. hoarding disorder social anxiety disorder agoraphobia generalized anxiety disorder
agoraphobia Which theory of panic proposes that people who are hypersensitive to bodily sensations, and who interpret those sensations in a catastrophic manner, are more prone to developing panic disorder? biological theory of panic cognitive theory of panic comprehensive learning theory of panic developmental theory of panic cognitive theory of panic Ruth, age 72, is visiting the office of a psychotherapist to deal with some recent problems related to anxiety. Given the rates of anxiety disorders in older adults, which of the following is she most likely to be dealing with? agoraphobia social anxiety panic disorder generalized anxiety disorder generalized anxiety disorder The effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on generalized anxiety disorder seem to be influenced by CRH's influence on a part of the brain called the __________, which has an important influence on one's ability to mediate generalized anxiety. bed nucleus of the stria terminalis anterior fissure of the putamen bilateral corpus callosal junction lateral geniculate nucleus of the limbic system bed nucleus of the stria terminalis Jennifer has a very unusual problem. She feels compelled to pull out her own hair, both the hair on her head as well as hair on different parts of her body. This has led to embarrassing bald spots, skin irritations, and occasional bleeding in the past. Jennifer is now in treatment for __________. obsessive-compulsive disorder excoriation disorder body dysmorphic disorder trichotillomania trichotillomania Although traditionally thought of as a symptom of OCD, hoarding was added as a new disorder in the DSM-5. Which of the following pieces of evidence likely influenced this decision? People with OCD tend to demonstrate poorer prognosis than people with hoarding symptoms. Treatments that reduce OCD symptoms do not seem to reduce hoarding symptoms. People engaging in compulsive hoarding tend to be less occupationally and socially disabled than people with OCD. Between 10 and 40 percent of people with OCD also engage in compulsive hoarding. Treatments that reduce OCD symptoms do not seem to reduce hoarding symptoms. Which of the following parts of the body is the most frequent target of concern for people with body dysmorphic disorder? nose stomach skin breasts/chest/nipples skin What is most likely to be a concern to someone with generalized anxiety disorder?People with GAD may anticipate disaster and may be overly concerned about money, health, family, work, or other issues. Individuals with GAD find it difficult to control their worry. They may worry more than seems warranted about actual events or may expect the worst even when there is no apparent reason for concern.
Which of the following parts of the brain is most often associated with anxiety?The brain amygdala appears key in modulating fear and anxiety. Patients with anxiety disorders often show heightened amygdala response to anxiety cues. The amygdala and other limbic system structures are connected to prefrontal cortex regions.
Which of the following is the phobia most often associated with panic disorder?Agoraphobia (ag-uh-ruh-FOE-be-uh) is a type of anxiety disorder in which you fear and avoid places or situations that might cause you to panic and make you feel trapped, helpless or embarrassed.
Which of the following groups is more likely to experience generalized anxiety disorder?White Americans were more likely to be diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder than African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans.
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Which of the following is the most common anxiety disorder Quizlet
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