Drawing line graphs can help you understand motion. In this article, you’ll learn how to draw position-time graphs and how they show velocity. Q: What’s missing from the graph being drawn in the picture above? A: The x- and y-axes are missing. The motion of an object can be represented by a position-time graph like Graph 1 in the Figure below. In this type of graph, the y-axis represents position relative to the starting point, and the x-axis represents time. A position-time graph shows how far an object has traveled from its starting position at any given time since it started moving. Q: In the Figure above, what distance has the object traveled from the starting point by the time 5 seconds have elapsed? A: The object has traveled a distance of 50 meters.
In a position-time graph, the velocity of the moving object is represented by the slope, or steepness, of the graph line. If the graph line is horizontal, like the line after time = 5 seconds in Graph 2 in the Figure below, then the slope is zero and so is the velocity. The position of the object is not changing. The steeper the line is, the greater the slope of the line is and the faster the object’s motion is changing. Figure 2.8.3
It’s easy to calculate the average velocity of a moving object from a position-time graph. Average velocity equals the change in position (represented by Δd) divided by the corresponding change in time (represented by Δt): velocity=Δd/Δt For example, in Graph 2 in the Figure above, the average velocity between 0 seconds and 5 seconds is: velocity=Δd/Δt=(25 m−0 m)/(5 s−0 s)=25m/5s=5 m/s Watch this two-part video series for more position vs. time graph examples. Use the following PLIX Interactive to make a position-time graph for a runner who changes speed during their run: Summary
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Study Guide: Motion Study Guide Real World Application: The Bullet Drop PLIX: Play, Learn, Interact, eXplore: Irwin and Ruthie Video: |