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Fundamentals in Nursing (Notes)
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Health
Characteristics
*A dynamic state in which the individual adapts to changes in internal and external environment to maintain a state of well being Models of Health and Illness1. Health-Illness Continuum (Neuman) – Degree of client wellness that exists at any point in time, ranging from an optimal wellnesscondition, with available energy at its maximum, to death which represents total energy depletion. 2. High – Level Wellness Model (Halbert Dunn) – It is oriented toward maximizing the health potential of an individual.This model requires the individual to maintain a continuum of balance and purposeful direction within the environment. 3. Agent – Host – environment Model (Leavell) – The level of health of an individual or group depends on the dynamic relationship of the agent, host and environment
4. Health – Belief Model – Addresses the relationship between a person’s belief and behaviors. It provides a way of understanding and predicting how clients will behave in relation to their health and how they will comply with health care therapies. Four Components
5. Evolutionary – Based Model – Illness and death serves as a evolutionary function. Evolutionary viability reflects the extent to which individual’s function to promote survival and well-being. The model interrelates the following elements:
6. Health Promotion Model – A “complimentary counterpart models of health protection”. Directed at increasing a client’s level of well being. Explain the reason for client’s participation health-promotion behaviors. The model focuses on three functions:
Illness
3 Stages of Illness
Rehabilitation
Focuses of Rehabilitation
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The following presentation, "Health as a Continuum," is based on the Neuman systems model. New relationships are made with the created-environment and energy as concepts in viewing and defining health on a continuum. Two case studies illustrate these views. An in-depth consideration of environment has important implications for wholistic nursing care and research.
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