What is the current life expectancy quizlet?

-Activities: Number of memberships in organizations, number of meetings attended.

-Intelligence.

-Socioeconomic predictors:
Financial resources: Health and lifespan are associated with household income
Education.

-Sexual activity: Frequency of sexual intercourse per week, enjoyment of past and present intercourse.

-Satisfaction factors:
work satisfaction , religious satisfaction, sense of usefulness, happiness.

-Health predictors: Physical function rating based on medical tests (ECG, EEG, neurological exam; Self rating of health; and health satisfaction score)

Terms in this set (19)

➢ Young old: 65-84 years
➢ Oldest old: 85+ years
• According to Paul Balt, likely to face # of problems: losses in cognitive potential and ability to learn, increase in chronic stress, prevalence of physical and mental disabilities, high levels of frailty, increased loneliness, difficulty of dying with dignity
• Mostly female, widowed, living alone/institution
• Majority hospitalized at some time in last years of life
• Majority die alone in hospital/institution
• 15% living independently at home, 35% living with family members or in assisted living, 50% living in nursing home
• majority of 80+ continue to live in community - 1/3 report good health, 40% report activity w/o limitations
• Many experts on aging prefer to talk about such categories as the young-old and oldest-old in terms of function rather than age. Remember from Chapter 1 that we described age not only in terms of chronological age but also in terms of biological age, psychological age, and social age.

➢ May be better to characterize by function rather than chronological age
➢ Biological Theories of Aging (4) - effective at the cellular level
➢ Cellular Clock Theory: no longer reproductive. cells can divide a maximum of 75-80 times, as we age cells are less capable of dividing, Telomeres (DNA sequences at the tips of chromosomes) --
➢ Free-Radical Theory: destroyed from the inside. metabolization of energy by cells creates free-radicals, ricochet around cells causing damage to DNA and cell structures (e.g. cancer, arthritis), overreacting linked to increase in free-radicals, calorie restriction linked to a decrease in damage
➢ Mitochondrial Theory: specific free-radical theory. Aging is due to the decay of mitochondria (specific target of free-radical theory), free radicals damage mitochondria ( impairment of function, creation of more free radicals, eventually so inefficient that they can't meet cellular energy needs) --> mitochondrial defects linked to CVD, dementia, Parkinson disease, decline in _
➢ Hormonal Stress Theory: aging the body's hormonal system can lower resistance to stress and increase the likelihood of disease. Allostatic load - a wearing down of body systems due to constant activity (hormones stimulated by stress remain elevated longer as we age... linked to increased risk for CVD, cancer, diabetes, and hypertension). Allostasis - short term, altering internal physiological processes when faced with external challenges i.e. stressful situations
➢ • Evolutionary Theory of Aging__ (1) - benefits conferred by evolutionary selection decrease with age. Natural selection has not eliminated many maladaptive characteristics in older adults (e.g. if Alzheimers disease affected younger individuals, it might have been eliminated)

➢ Osteoporosis: Extensive loss of bone tissue
➢ Risk factors: female, non-Latina White thin and small-framed women, calcium deficient, Vit. D deficient, estrogen deficient, lack of exercise
➢ Treatment: eat foods rich in calcium, get more exercise, avoid smoking
➢ Arthritis: Inflammation of the joints accompanied by pain, stiffness, and movement problems
➢ Risk factors: common in older adults
➢ Treatment: no cure; symptom reduction (Drugs such as aspirin, Range-of-motion exercises, Weight reduction, Replacement of crippled joint with prosthesis)

Sets with similar terms

memory impairment
deterioration of language
deficits in visual and spatial processing.
inability to recall recent events and take in new information (most prominent early symptom)
repeats questions just answered.
personality changes: rigidity, egocentricity, impaired emotional control, apathy (lack of interest)
irritability, anxiety, depression, delusions, wandering.
judgement, long term memory, concentration, speech all impaired.
by end: can't speak, eat by self, control bowels, walk, sit up.

Sets with similar terms

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