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33 U.S.C. §1251 et seq. (1972)The Clean Water Act (CWA) establishes the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into the waters of the United States and regulating quality standards for surface waters. The basis of the CWA was enacted in 1948 and was called the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, but the Act was significantly reorganized and expanded in 1972. "Clean Water Act" became the Act's common name with amendments in 1972. Under the CWA, EPA has implemented pollution control programs such as setting wastewater standards for industry. EPA has also developed national water quality criteria recommendations for pollutants in surface waters. The CWA made it unlawful to discharge any pollutant from a point source into navigable waters, unless a permit was obtained:
Compliance and Enforcement
History of this Act
More InformationThe Office of Water (OW) ensures drinking water is safe, and restores and maintains oceans, watersheds, and their aquatic ecosystems to protect human health, support economic and recreational activities, and provide healthy habitat for fish, plants, and wildlife.
All AP Environmental Science ResourcesWhich of the following is not a type of water pollution? Possible Answers: Nutrient pollution All of these are types of water pollution Sediment pollution Toxic chemical pollution Diseases and pathogen pollution Correct answer: All of these are types of water pollution Explanation: Water can be polluted and unusable due to the presence of toxic chemicals, sediments, nutrient pollution, diseases and/or pathogens, as well as thermal pollution. Which of the following is a secondary air pollutant? Possible Answers: Carbon monoxide Nitric oxide Tropospheric ozone Sulfur dioxide Correct answer: Tropospheric ozone Explanation: A secondary pollutant is any kind of pollutant that is not directly emitted form a pollution source. In this case, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitric oxide are all emitted from the burning of fossil fuels, especially coal. Tropospheric ozone is formed in the reaction between volatile organic compounds and nitrous oxides and is a component in photochemical smog. Water pollutants originate from both natural and human-made causes and they are classified into two general types. Name the two types of sources of water pollution? Possible Answers: Agriculture and municipal Anthropogenic and ecological Chemical and biological Industrial and nonindustrial Point source pollution and nonpoint source pollution Correct answer: Point source pollution and nonpoint source pollution Explanation: Point source pollution can be traced to a specific source. Factory waste is a good example. Nonpoint source pollution cannot be traced to a single source. Agricultural runoff and storm sewers are good examples. One of the negative effects of air pollution is that it can cause problems in the ozone layer. Which class of chemicals are known to deplete ozone? Possible Answers: Methane Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Sulfur dioxide Carbon dioxide Correct answer: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Explanation: The correct response is chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). These chemical compounds are known to deplete ozone from the atmosphere. During the 1960s and 1970s, refrigerators were manufactured with CFCs. This is what created the whole in the ozone which we have all heard about. The Environmental Protection Agency banned the use of CFCs and this is greatly improved the quality of ozone in the atmosphere. One of the big contributors to water pollution in the Great Lakes is eutrophication. Which of the following is least likely to cause eutrophication? Possible Answers: Wetland habitat Stormwater runoff Agricultural runoff Lawn fertilizers
Correct answer: Wetland habitat Explanation: The correct response is wetland habitat. Wetlands help filter out nutrients and actually help prevent eutrophication. Eutrophication is the process by which nutrients accumulate in a body of water. For example, big storm events cause nutrients to leach off the ground and into rivers and lakes via runoff. All of the other answer choices either increase the rate of runoff (i.e. urbanization) or increase the amount of nutrients leaching (i.e. fertilizers). Many times eutrophication creates dead zones or hypoxic zones in bodies of water. The most famous dead zone in North America occurs where the Mississippi River outflows into the Gulf of Mexico. What important resource do dead zones not have? Possible Answers: Potassium Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon dioxide Explanation: The correct response is oxygen. Deadzone are completely depleted of oxygen. This can be due to algal blooms - which consume all the available oxygen in the system. Once all the oxygen is depleted, the algae die and fall to the bottom of the lake or ocean. Deadzones can be harmful for many aquatic organisms, especially fish and bottom feeders. Pollution is one of the major environmental issues affecting humans today. Urbanization has create the heat island effect. What type of pollution are heat islands? Possible Answers: Thermal pollution Water pollution Chemical pollution Noise pollution Correct answer: Thermal pollution Explanation: The correct response is thermal pollution. The heat island effect occurs in urban cities that have a lot of black top and impervious surfaces. Heat gets trapped in the cities because there aren't many trees or natural vegetation to absorb sunlight and respire. Studies have shown that temperatures in downtown regions are significantly higher than temperatures in the suburbs of major US cities. Thus, heat islands cause there to be an excess of heat and we call this thermal pollution. Water-soluble inorganic materials cause algal blooms which die and create oxygen deficiencies, killing fish. Which is not a water-soluble inorganic metarial? Possible Answers: All of these are water-soluble inorganic pollutants Caltrates Nitrates Phosphates Explanation: You may have associated "caltrates" with calcium, which is a heavy metal pollutant and is not water soluble. Nitrates and phosphates are not inherently toxic, however, when present in large quantities, can throw off the balance of an ecosystem to disastrous consequences. All of the following may be natural sources of pollution except __________. Possible Answers: acid mine drainage oil seeps forest fires volcanic eruptions cows expelling methane Correct answer: acid mine drainage Explanation: Acid mine drainage occurs when water seeps through a mine or a mine’s waste pile and results in a solution of sulfuric acid. Water is used to process ore and it can become contaminated with sulfuric acid, mercury and arsenic. The contaminated water can damage ecosystems and is particularly harmful to aquatic life. Some acid drainage can occur naturally when water interacts with rock but the degree of contamination is significantly different. Which of the following is considered a nonpoint source of pollution? Possible Answers: Fertilizers and pesticides in runoff Water pollution from mine tailings A leaky underground storage tank Automobile exhaust pipe A factory smoke stack Correct answer: Fertilizers and pesticides in runoff Explanation: It is common to find some amount of fertilizers and pesticides in runoff water. It is difficult to determine the source of this pollution. Runoff may travel over many plots of lands including farms, golf courses, home gardens, etc. So there may even be multiple sources. All AP Environmental Science ResourcesWhat is a point source of pollution apes?Point sources release pollution from a specific identifiable location. Examples of point sources include power plants, factories, coal mines, or other locations.
What is an example of pointThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines point source pollution as “any single identifiable source of pollution from which pollutants are discharged, such as a pipe, ditch, ship or factory smokestack.” Factories and sewage treatment plants are two common types of point sources.
What is an example of pointPoint sources discharge pollutants at specific locations through drain pipes, ditches, or sewer lines into standing bodies of water. Examples include factories, sewage treatment plants, underground mines, and oil tankers.
Which of the following is an example of a point source of air pollution quizlet?Smokestacks or large factories and electric power plants are examples of point-source pollution. An erupting volcano is an example of natural point-source pollution.
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Which of the following is an example of a point source of pollution apes?
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