Why is random assignment important in an experiment quizlet?

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Terms in this set (18)

A cross-sectional design is a study in which the researcher ______________.

Collects data at one point in time

The correlation of ________ means there is no relationship between two variables.

0

_________ or experimental research provides researchers a way to control many aspects of the situation

Laboratory

What type of validity refers to whether the changes in the dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent variable?

Internal Validity

When we say that something has the statistical ______________, it means that the differences observed between two groups are large enough that it is highly unlikely that those differences are merely due to chance.

Significance

Measure of dispersion describe how much the scores in a sample _______ from one another.

Differ

What is a random assignment?

The assignment of participants to research groups by chance.

A single number that tells you the overall characteristics of a set data is called?

A measure of central tendency

What is a drawback of using the mean as a measure of central tendency?

The mean is easily affected if the data contains a few extreme scores

Which of these major limitation of the case study method of research?

We may not be able to generalize to the larger population

___________ statistics are the mathematical method used to indicate whether data sufficiently support or confirm a research hypothesis

Inferential

An extraneous variable that has not been measured that accounts for the relationship between two other variables is known as

A third variable problem

What type of research design measures variables at a single point in time?

Cross sectional

A researcher is studying how trauma might affect a persons day-to-day functioning. What types of research might the designer choose to conduct this study?

Descriptive, correlational, and experimental

Why is a random assignment important in an experiment?

It reduces the likelihood of pre-existing differences between groups of participants

The purpose of inferential statistics is to ______________.

Determine whether a hypothesis has been supported

Meta-analysis is....?

A method by which researchers can combine results across a variety of different studies to establish the strength of an effect

Caddy was being interviewed for a research study. Her interview was quite attractive and she found herself answering questions to impress him. This is an example of __________ bias.

Research participant

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question

Refer to the Table. What is the conditional probability of “high income,” given “never”? $$ \begin{array}{|lcccc|} \hline \text { Viewing Frequency } & \text { High INCOME } & \text { Middle INCOME } & \text { Low INCOME } & \text { TOtals } \\ \hline \text { Regular } & 0.10 & 0.15 & 0.05 & 0.30 \\ \text { Occasional } & 0.10 & 0.20 & 0.10 & 0.40 \\ \text { Never } & 0.05 & 0.05 & 0.20 & 0.30 \\ \text { Totals } & 0.25 & 0.40 & 0.35 & 1.00 \\ \hline \end{array} $$

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question

The following regression was fitted by least squares to 32 annual observations on time-series data: $$ \log y_t=4.52-\underset{(0.28)}{0.62} \log x_{1 t}+\underset{(0.38)}{0.92} \log x_{2 t}+\underset{(0.21)}{0.61} \log x_{3 t} $$ $$ \begin{aligned} &+0.16 \log x_{4 t}+e_t \quad \bar{R}^2=0.683 \quad d=0.61 \\ &\text { (0.12) } \\ & \end{aligned} $$ where $y_t=$ quantity of U.S. wheat exported $x_{1 t}=$ price of U.S. wheat on world market $x_{2 t}=$ quantity of U.S. wheat harvested $x_{3 t}=$ measure of income in countries importing U.S. wheat $x_{4 t}=$ price of barley on world market The numbers below the coefficients are the coefficient standard errors. a. Interpret the estimated coefficient on $\log x_{1 t}$ in the context of the assumed model. b. Test at the $5 \%$ level the null hypothesis that, all else being equal, income in importing countries has no effect on U.S. wheat exports against the alternative that higher income leads to higher expected exports. (Ignore, for now, the Durbin-Watson $d$ statistic.) c. What null hypothesis can be tested by the $d$ statistic? Carry out this test for the present problem, using a $1 \%$ significance level. d. In view of your finding in part c, comment on your conclusion in part b. How might you proceed to test the null hypothesis of part b?

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algebra

*Use set* \ $$ A=\{ x|x \in N \ \text{and} \ x<9 \} $$ \ Write set $A$ in roster form

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question

Imagine that you are being interviewed for a job as a financial adviser for an investment firm. The interviewer says the company’s average clients with the most savings are over the age of $55$. However, this group includes the most conservative investors. Your job would be to encourage this group to invest in high-risk stocks, which would bring in more commissions but could possibly lead to major losses for the investors. Should you take the job?

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Why is random assignment important in an experiment?

Random assignment enhances the internal validity of the study, because it ensures that there are no systematic differences between the participants in each group. This helps you conclude that the outcomes can be attributed to the independent variable.

What is the most important reason for Random assignment?

Random assignment helps ensure that members of each group in the experiment are the same, which means that the groups are also likely more representative of what is present in the larger population.

What is random assignment in an experiment quizlet?

-Random assignment means that each participant has an equal chance of being placed into any group. It limits the effects of confounding variables based on differences between people. -Using random assignment diminishes the chance that participants in the two groups differ in any meaningful way.

What is random assignment and why is it used?

Random assignment of participants helps to ensure that any differences between and within the groups are not systematic at the outset of the experiment. Thus, any differences between groups recorded at the end of the experiment can be more confidently attributed to the experimental procedures or treatment.