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AIDS HIV NCLEX Review and Nursing Care Plans Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic medical condition that involves damage on the immune system. AIDS is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Currently, HIV/AIDS has no cure yet; however, there are medications that can be administered to reduce mortality from HIV/AIDS. Types of HIV AIDSThere are several types or phases of HIV/ AIDS. These include:
Signs and Symptoms of HIV AIDS
Causes and Risk Factors of HIV AIDSAIDS is caused by HIV infection. HIV is a virus that is able to destroy CD4 T-cells, which are immune cells that have a huge role in fighting disease. The virus can be spread through infected blood (such as when sharing contaminated needles or through blood transfusions), sexual contact (semen or vaginal discharge), and from the mother to her child during her pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. It is important to note that HIV antibodies are being strictly screened in hospitals and blood banks, which makes the risk for HIV from blood transfusions very small. Also, clinics and hospitals have a single-use needle/syringe policy to prevent possible HIV transmission. If HIV is left untreated, the immune system becomes weaker throughout the years, which may eventually lead to AIDS. Doctors diagnose AIDS when the CD4 T-cell count is lower than 200, or when the patient has a complication that strongly related to AIDS, such as cancer or serious/recurrent infection. The risk factors of HIV/AIDS include:
Complications of HIV AIDS
Diagnosis of HIV AIDS
Prevention of HIV AIDS
Treatment for HIV AIDSThere is currently no cure for HIV/AIDs. However, anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is widely used to control the virus and prevent complications, as well as to avoid HIV infection from progressing to AIDS. The following are classes of ART drugs that are used in combination to control HIV infection:
Nursing Diagnosis for HIVNursing Care Plan for HIV 1Nursing Diagnosis: Infection related to HIV/AIDS infection as evidenced by positive HIV antigen/antibody result, CD4 T-cell count is below 200, known contact with an HIV positive person, temperature of 38.2 degrees Celsius, myalgia, and fatigue Desired Outcome: The patient will be able to avoid the development of an infection.
Nursing Care Plan for HIV 2Nursing Diagnosis: Hyperthermia related to HIV/AIDS infection as evidenced by temperature of 38.5 degrees Celsius, rapid and shallow breathing, flushed skin, profuse sweating, and weak pulse. Desired Outcome: Within 4 hours of nursing interventions, the patient will have a stabilized temperature within the normal range.
Nursing Care Plan for HIV 3Nursing Diagnosis: Fatigue related to body weakness secondary to HIV/AIDS infection as evidenced by overwhelming lack of energy, verbalization of tiredness, generalized weakness, lack of appetite, and shortness of breath upon exertion Desired Outcome: The patient will demonstrate active participation in necessary and desired activities and demonstrate increase in activity levels.
Nursing Care Plan for HIV 4Nursing Diagnosis: Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements related to inability to ingest, digest, or metabolize nutrients, as evidenced by weight loss, muscle wasting, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, nausea & vomiting, poor muscle tone, recurrent fevers, and lack of appetite Desired Outcome: The patient will be able to achieve a weight within his/her normal BMI range, demonstrating healthy eating patterns and choices.
More HIV AIDS Nursing Diagnosis
Nursing ReferencesAckley, B. J., Ladwig, G. B., Makic, M. B., Martinez-Kratz, M. R., & Zanotti, M. (2020). Nursing diagnoses handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Buy on Amazon Gulanick, M., & Myers, J. L. (2022). Nursing care plans: Diagnoses, interventions, & outcomes. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Buy on Amazon Ignatavicius, D. D., Workman, M. L., Rebar, C. R., & Heimgartner, N. M. (2020). Medical-surgical nursing: Concepts for interprofessional collaborative care. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Buy on Amazon Silvestri, L. A. (2020). Saunders comprehensive review for the NCLEX-RN examination. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Buy on Amazon Disclaimer:Please follow your facilities guidelines, policies, and procedures. The medical information on this site is provided as an information resource only and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. This information is intended to be nursing education and should not be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment. |