How do you find the coefficient of X 2 in the expansion?

1. 40098
2. 42102
3. 20412
4. 20012

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : 20412

Free

10 Questions 40 Marks 10 Mins

Concept:

Binomial Theorem:

For any two numbers a and b, the expansion of (a + b)n is given by the binomial expansion as follows:

\({\left( {{\rm{a}} + {\rm{b}}} \right)^{\rm{n}}} = {\rm{\;}}\mathop \sum \limits_{{\rm{k}} = 0}^{\rm{n}} {{\rm{\;}}^{\rm{n}}}{{\rm{C}}_{\rm{k}}}{\rm{\;}}{{\rm{a}}^{{\rm{n}} - {\rm{k}}}}{{\rm{b}}^{\rm{k}}}\).

Calculation:

Comparing given numbers with (a + b)n we get a = 3, b = 2x and n = 7.

The term x2 will occur in the form (2x)2. Therefore, we get k = 2.

Thus the term which contains x2 is given by:

\({{\rm{\;}}^7}{{\rm{C}}_2}{\left( 3 \right)^{7 - 2}}{\left( {2{\rm{x}}} \right)^2} = {\rm{\;}}\frac{{7!}}{{5!2!}} \times {3^5} \times 4{{\rm{x}}^2}\)

= 21 × 243 × 4x2

= 20412 x2

Therefore, the coefficient of x2 is 20412.

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I was given this question as a practise assignment and I am unsure of my answer.

The coefficient of $x^2$ in the expansion of $(x+\frac{1}{ax})^8$ is 7. Find the possible value of $a$.

I did $(x+\frac{1}{ax})^8$ = $(x (1+\frac{1}{ax^2}))^8$

Given my answer, does that mean that $a=7$?

Edit: Thank you for everyone's help! I think I understand it a little bit now. I will have to review this question again and practise more.

asked Mar 16, 2021 at 22:25

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hint

$$(x+\frac{1}{ax})^2=x^2+\frac{1}{a^2x^2}+\frac{2}{a}$$

So, you just need to find the coefficient of $ X $ in the expansion

$$(X+\frac{1}{a^2X}+\frac{2}{a})^4$$

answered Mar 16, 2021 at 22:30

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Two options:

1. With the binomial theorem: the expansion of $(a+b)^n$ is $$(a+b)^n = \binom{n}{0}a^nb^0 + \binom{n}{1}a^{n-1}b^1 + \binom{n}{2}a^{n-2}b^2+\cdots + \binom{n}{n-1}a^1b^{n-1} + \binom{n}{n}a^0b^n.$$ Set $a=x$, $b=\frac{1}{ax}$, $n=8$, and figure out which of the terms is the $x^2$ term. This will give you an expression involving $a$, which you can then solve for $a$.

2. With derivatives. Rewrite the binomial as $$\left(x + \frac{1}{ax}\right) = \frac{1}{x}\left(x^2 + \frac{1}{a}\right).$$ Therefore, $$\left(x + \frac{1}{ax}\right)^8 = \frac{1}{x^8}\left(x^2+\frac{1}{a}\right)^8.$$ The coefficient of $x^2$ will be the coefficient of $x^{10}$ in $(x^2+\frac{1}{a})^{8}$.

This can be found using derivatives: if $p(x)$ is a polynomial, then the constant term of $p^{(k)}(x)$ is $k!$ times the coefficient of $x^k$ in $p(x)$. So $p^{(k)}(0)$ will give you $k!$ times the coefficient of $x^k$ in $p(x)$. Replace $x^2$ with $y$, and look for the coefficient of $y^5$ in the expansion of $(y+\frac{1}{a})^8$ to find the coefficient of $x^{10}$ in the original, and from there you can get the one for $x^2$ in the original expression. This will give you an expression involving $a$, which you can then solve for $a$.

answered Mar 16, 2021 at 22:40

Arturo MagidinArturo Magidin

366k53 gold badges765 silver badges1091 bronze badges

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Write the expression as ${1 \over a^8 x^8} (1+a x^2)^8$ and find the coefficient of $x^{10}$ in $(1+a x^2)^8$.

Use the binomial theorem to compute the coefficient of $x^{10}$ in $(1+a x^2)^8$. Hint: It is the 5th coefficient.

Call this expression $E$ (it will be a formula involving $a$ and some numbers). Then the coefficient of $x^{2}$ in the original expression is ${1 \over a^8}E$.

Then solve the expression ${1 \over a^8}E = 7$ for $a$. (You will need to replace $E$ by the expression you computed first before solving.)

answered Mar 16, 2021 at 22:34

copper.hatcopper.hat

164k8 gold badges97 silver badges232 bronze badges

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You want to solve

$${8 \choose k}x^{8-k}\left(\frac{1}{ax^2}\right)^k=7x^2$$

This can be expressed in the form

$${8 \choose k}\cdot\frac{1}{a^k}x^{8-3k}=7x^2$$

Solving $8-3k=2$ gives $k=2$. Solving $\displaystyle{8\choose2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{a^2}=7x^2$ gives $a^2=4$.

However, $-2$ turns out to be extraneous, so $2$ is the only solution.

answered Mar 16, 2021 at 22:57

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1

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