What does the Red light mean on a real care Baby?

When your AT&T broadband red light is blinking, the issue could stem from the server connection, the equipment, the power supply or something else. The red light is meant to signal that there are issues with the internet or connection, but there’s usually a quick fix.

1. The AT&T Network Is Down

The red light may blink if there is an AT&T service outage in your area. To check if you’re affected by an AT&T internet outage, you can search by your zip code or account through the AT&T website. Of course, if your computer or tablet internet data isn’t working, you will need to use your cellular service to access the website. Through your AT&T account page, you can also sign up for outage alerts to get notified if service is disrupted in your area.

2. Disrupted Power Supply or Connection

If the power supply to your modem or router is inconsistent, that may be the cause of the blinking. Of course, if the power is completely out, the whole system will turn off and there won’t be a blinking light. Check to make sure your power cord isn’t loose in the outlet or power strip, and also check the connection between the cords and your modem or router.

Power strips generally only perform their best for three years, so if you’ve had yours for longer than that, it may be time for a replacement. Better yet, plug your modem and router directly into a wall outlet.

3. Issues With Hardware

If you added any third-party equipment to the modem and started experiencing issues, the new piece of equipment may be to blame. Test the equipment by removing it from the modem to see if the light is still blinking. If not, the issue is likely with the non-AT&T hardware.

Although less common, there may be an issue with your AT&T gateway. In addition to a red light, an abnormal humming noise or loud connection sounds could be signs of a gateway malfunction.

4. There Is a Problematic Network Device

Your AT&T broadband provider should be able to support multiple devices on the network at one time. However, if one of your devices is causing trouble, it could affect your gateway. One clue that there is a device to blame is if you lose service at a specific time of day or when a certain device is in use. To determine which device is causing trouble, disconnect all of the devices on the network and then reconnect them one at a time to see which is causing the red light to blink.

5. Updates Are Needed

Older firmware can also become problematic. You can update it through the AT&T app or by connecting a computer to your AT&T gateway to check if an update is needed. If that doesn’t work, you can hard reset your gateway to the factory settings. Just be aware that this will erase your custom settings. To perform a factory reset, hold down the reset button on the router or modem for 15 seconds. This will trigger the device to reset, and the light should turn green at this point.

Contact AT&T Broadband Support

If you’ve performed all of the troubleshooting steps to no avail, there is always customer support from AT&T. There are answers to more questions related to AT&T internet issues on the website, as well as chat and phone support.

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The red reflex is elicited in the Brückner test, a pediatric screening tool often used by primary care doctors and pediatricians to detect abnormalities of the eyes and ocular diseases.[1] Originally described as a “transillumination” test, Brückner found that the red reflex was useful in detecting strabismus and amblyopia in young children. The red reflex from the retina is a quick and non-invasive test used to identify opacities in the visual axis, such as a corneal abnormality or cataract, as well as abnormalities in the posterior segment of the eye, such as retinoblastoma.[2]

A red reflex should appear red, orange, or yellow and be symmetric across both pupils. Eliciting a normal red reflex requires transmission through a transparent optical media, including the tear film, cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous body.[3] An abnormal or absent red reflex can indicate sight and life-threatening pathology, including congenital cataracts, retinal abnormalities, retinoblastoma, strabismus, or refractive errors. Abnormal red reflex requires urgent referral to an ophthalmologist. Currently, the American Academy of Pediatrics policy recommends eye examinations for neonates and children from birth to 2 years of age at specific intervals during the newborn examination and well-child visits.[4]

Technique

The red reflex test uses an ophthalmoscope or retinoscope, with the examiner standing approximately 1 to 2 feet away from the patient.[5] The direct ophthalmoscope should be set at “0,” and the examiner directs the light onto both eyes simultaneously. The pupils will become illuminated as light reflects off the back of the retina and through the aperture of the scope. The examiner should then move closer also to assess each eye individually. For the pupils to be large enough for light to enter, the examination should be performed in a dark or dimly lit room.

Issues of Concern

If pupils are not large enough to allow light to enter into the eye, this will result in an absent red reflex. Performing the examination in a darkened room and starting with the smallest diameter beam of light setting on the ophthalmoscope are two techniques that can be used to help in this condition. Topical medications to dilate the pupil, such as tropicamide, cyclopentolate hydrochloride, and phenylephrine, can also be used.[6] There are specific, suggested dosages for children of different ages.

The validity of the red reflex examination has been the object of extensive study in the literature with varying results.[7][8][9][10][11] Overall, the Brückner test has shown to be a sensitive and specific marker for amblyopia, anterior and posterior segment opacities, and strabismus in children. Results do vary with different equipment as well as the expertise of the examiner and may result in a high number of false negatives leading to unnecessary referrals. 

Clinical Significance

The purpose of vision screening is to identify patients with ocular abnormalities that may require urgent referral to an ophthalmologist for potential sight and sometimes life-saving treatment. Vision system screening in neonates, infants, and children includes several components and should occur during each well-child visit. Vision screening should begin with the detection of risk factors requiring a thorough review of family and personal ocular history. Premature birth, cerebral palsy, down syndrome as well as a family history of strabismus, retinoblastoma, congenital cataracts, or genetic diseases are critical risk factors to consider.

The eye examination should evaluate the following: external structures of the eyes, including the eyelids, motility, eye muscle balance, pupils, and red reflex. The red reflex test can be performed relatively quickly as well as noninvasively, which is useful for evaluating an apprehensive child. This test has shown to have high sensitivity for testing abnormalities in both the anterior segment and posterior segments of the eye, and a normal red reflex can rule out intraocular pathology. In contrast, an abnormal reflex indicates the need for an ophthalmologic referral for comprehensive evaluation.

To be considered normal, a red reflex should be seen in both eyes symmetrically and equivalent in color, intensity, and clarity. An absent or black reflex may indicate an obstruction that is preventing light from reflecting back to the examiner. An absent red reflex can result from cataracts, corneal scars, or vitreous hemorrhage.[12] Debris over the surface of the eye may also cause a black reflex, so the examiner should ask the patient to blink and check for the red reflex again. Examiners should be aware of the routine topical application of the prophylaxis erythromycin eye ointment and try to avoid examining the red reflex within approximate time to the ointment application.

Abnormalities associated with abnormal red reflex can be grouped into two categories;

The first one is leukokoria ( white reflex), which can result from the following:  

• Retinoblastoma: a neuroblastic tumor arising from immature cells of the retina and occurs in one of 20000 children, making it one of the most common malignancies of childhood.[13] Other signs and symptoms of retinoblastoma include red eye, irritation, glaucoma, strabismus, and delayed growth development. Retinoblastoma, if detected early, has a 90% cure rate with proper management; however, it is fatal without treatment. Another cause of leukokoria is a cataract, which is clouding of the lens of the eye. Pediatric cataracts can be congenital or acquired.[14] Cataracts can occur unilaterally or bilaterally, leading to blurry vision or permanent vision loss.

• Pediatric cataracts may have a genetic disposition or may occur spontaneously.[15] In adults, cataracts often develop slowly, and disease progression can be monitored until clinical visual disturbances present. However, in the developing eyes of children, the brain is continually making neuronal connections for vision development. Congenital cataracts can obstruct this process and lead to serious long-term effects such as amblyopia or uncorrectable vision loss. Early detection and management of cataracts in the pediatric population can prevent blindness. Assessment of the red reflex is necessary on every neonate before leaving the hospital, as most congenital cataracts are detected in that period. Treatment includes surgery to remove the cataract.

• Retinopathy of prematurity

• Other optic nerve abnormalities.

The second group includes conditions that result in an abnormal pattern of red reflexes, such as:

• Refractive errors ( hyperopia, myopia, or astigmatism): can alter the red reflex, creating an abnormally asymmetric and nonhomogeneous red reflex. The shade of reflected asymmetry that is visible through the aperture of the ophthalmoscope can help to identify the problem.[16] As light enters through the eye, it will get refracted by the optics of the eye. For instance, in patients with myopia, a peripheral crescent of light will appear on the same side of the light source, whereas in patients with hyperopia, the peripheral crescent of light will appear on the side opposite of the light source. A normal red reflex in these patients is only present if the patients wear their corrective glasses or contact lenses.

• Abnormally sized, shaped, or positioned red reflex can result from aniridia (a condition in which there is no iris), coloboma (a hole in the iris or other structures of the eye), dilating drops, and trauma.[17]

Nursing, Allied Health, and Interprofessional Team Interventions

The American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends screening eye examinations for all newborns as well as children at specific intervals of age during office visits. The eye exam is an essential part of assessing neonates because the prognosis of ocular disorders in children is highly dependent on early detection and referral.[18] [Level 5] The neonatal eye screen involves the use of an ophthalmoscope to check the red reflex as well as a careful observation of anatomic structures and visual behavior. If undetected, ocular disorders in children can result in permanent vision loss and, rarely, death. Early screening is also crucial for the critical period of development in neonates and infants. A vision screening can occur in the pediatrician or primary care office, in the school nurse office, or even in the emergency department.[19] Implementing a standard way of screening vision in children in the primary care setting has demonstrated to be the most effective method of detecting vision problems promptly.[20] It is essential to follow up with children who get referred to make sure a pediatric ophthalmologist has adequately evaluated them. 

There are validated instrument-based screening devices available that images the red reflex to detect a refractive error, amblyopia, and strabismus in children without pharmacological pupillary dilation.[21][22][21] These automatic instruments, such as the photo-screeners and autorefractors, are easy-to-use and can be implemented in the primary care setting as a part of reliable and sensitive vision screening.

References

Tongue AC, Cibis GW. Brückner test. Ophthalmology. 1981 Oct;88(10):1041-4. [PubMed: 7335307]

Wan MJ, VanderVeen DK. Eye disorders in newborn infants (excluding retinopathy of prematurity). Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2015 May;100(3):F264-9. [PubMed: 25395469]

Bell AL, Rodes ME, Collier Kellar L. Childhood eye examination. Am Fam Physician. 2013 Aug 15;88(4):241-8. [PubMed: 23944727]

American Academy of Pediatrics; Section on Ophthalmology; American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology And Strabismus; American Academy of Ophthalmology; American Association of Certified Orthoptists. Red reflex examination in neonates, infants, and children. Pediatrics. 2008 Dec;122(6):1401-4. [PubMed: 19047263]

Donahue SP, Baker CN., Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics. Section on Ophthalmology, American Academy of Pediatrics. American Association of Certified Orthoptists. American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Procedures for the Evaluation of the Visual System by Pediatricians. Pediatrics. 2016 Jan;137(1) [PubMed: 26644488]

Bowman R, Foster A. Testing the red reflex. Community Eye Health. 2018;31(101):23. [PMC free article: PMC5998403] [PubMed: 29915466]

Gole GA, Douglas LM. Validity of the Bruckner reflex in the detection of amblyopia. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1995 Nov;23(4):281-5. [PubMed: 11980073]

Jain P, Kothari MT, Gode V. The opportunistic screening of refractive errors in school-going children by pediatrician using enhanced Brückner test. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2016 Oct;64(10):733-736. [PMC free article: PMC5168913] [PubMed: 27905334]

Sun M, Ma A, Li F, Cheng K, Zhang M, Yang H, Nie W, Zhao B. Sensitivity and Specificity of Red Reflex Test in Newborn Eye Screening. J Pediatr. 2016 Dec;179:192-196.e4. [PubMed: 27640356]

Cagini C. Red reflex screening highly sensitive for anterior segment abnormalities. J Pediatr. 2017 May;184:235-238. [PubMed: 28434567]

Saiju R, Yun S, Yoon PD, Shrestha MK, Shrestha UD. Bruckner red light reflex test in a hospital setting. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2012 Apr-Jun;10(38):23-6. [PubMed: 23132470]

McLaughlin C, Levin AV. The red reflex. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2006 Feb;22(2):137-40. [PubMed: 16481935]

Aerts I, Lumbroso-Le Rouic L, Gauthier-Villars M, Brisse H, Doz F, Desjardins L. Retinoblastoma. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2006 Aug 25;1:31. [PMC free article: PMC1586012] [PubMed: 16934146]

Anderson J. Don't Miss This! Red Flags in the Pediatric Eye Examination: Abnormal Red Reflex. J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil. 2019 Jul-Sep;69(3):106-109. [PubMed: 31329054]

Khokhar SK, Pillay G, Dhull C, Agarwal E, Mahabir M, Aggarwal P. Pediatric cataract. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2017 Dec;65(12):1340-1349. [PMC free article: PMC5742962] [PubMed: 29208814]

Bhayana AA, Prasad P, Azad SV. Refractive errors and the red reflex- Bruckner test revisited. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2019 Aug;67(8):1381-1382. [PMC free article: PMC6677081] [PubMed: 31332151]

Mansoor N, Mansoor T, Ahmed M. Eye pathologies in neonates. Int J Ophthalmol. 2016;9(12):1832-1838. [PMC free article: PMC5155001] [PubMed: 28003988]

Litmanovitz I, Dolfin T. Red reflex examination in neonates: the need for early screening. Isr Med Assoc J. 2010 May;12(5):301-2. [PubMed: 20929085]

Martin EF. Performing pediatric eye exams in primary care. Nurse Pract. 2017 Aug 17;42(8):41-47. [PubMed: 28650350]

Nye C. A child's vision. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2014 Jun;61(3):495-503. [PubMed: 24852147]

Molteno AC, Hoare-Nairne J, Sanderson GF, Peart DA, Hodgkinson IJ. Reliability of the Otago photoscreener. A study of a thousand cases. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1993 Nov;21(4):257-65. [PubMed: 8148143]

Duret A, Humphries R, Ramanujam S, Te Water Naudé A, Reid C, Allen LE. The infrared reflex: a potential new method for congenital cataract screening. Eye (Lond). 2019 Dec;33(12):1865-1870. [PMC free article: PMC7002649] [PubMed: 31267092]

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