What was the level of functioning Anna has after rehabilitation?

[1] Altman DG, Machin D, Bryant TN, Gardner MJ. Statistics with confidence. Wiley: BMJ Books, 2000. [Google Scholar]

[2] Angst F, Aeschlimann A, Stucki G. Smallest detectable and minimal clinically important differences of rehabilitation intervention with their implications for required sample sizes using WOMAC and SF-36 quality of life measurement instruments in patients with osteoarthritis of the lower extremities. Arthritis Care Res 2001;45:384–91. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[3] Angst F, Brioschi R, Main CJ, Lehmann S, Aeschlimann A. Interdisciplinary rehabilitation in fibromyalgia and chronic back pain: a prospective outcome study. J Pain 2006;7:807–15. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[4] Bagiella E. Clinical trials in rehabilitation: single or multiple outcomes? Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009;90:S17–21. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[5] Branstrom H, Fahlstrom M. Kinesiophobia in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: differences between men and women. J Rehabil Med 2008;40:375–80. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[6] Brazier JE, Harper R, Jones NM, O'Cathain A, Thomas KJ, Usherwood T, Westlake L. Validating the SF-36 health survey questionnaire: new outcome measure for primary care. BMJ 1992;305:160–4. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[7] Bursac Z, Gauss CH, Williams DK, Hosmer DW. Purposeful selection of variables in logistic regression. Source Code Biol Med 2008;3:17. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[8] Cleland JA, Childs JD, Whitman JM. Psychometric properties of the neck disability index and numeric pain rating scale in patients with mechanical neck pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008;89:69–74. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[9] Dysvik E, Kvaløy JT, Stokkeland R, Natvig GK. The effectiveness of a multidisciplinary pain management programme managing chronic pain on pain perceptions, health-related quality of life and stages of change—a non-randomized controlled study. Int J Nurs Stud 2010;47:826–35. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[10] Finan PH, Goodin BR, Smith MT. The association of sleep and pain: an update and a path forward. J Pain 2013;14:1539–52. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[11] Gatchel RJ, McGeary DD, McGeary CA, Lippe B. Interdisciplinary chronic pain management: past, present, and future. Am Psychol 2014;69:119–30. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[12] Gerdle B, Akerblom S, Brodda Jansen G, Enthoven P, Ernberg M, Dong HJ, Stalnacke BM, Ang BO, Boersma K. Who benefits from multimodal rehabilitation - an exploration of pain, psychological distress, and life impacts in over 35,000 chronic pain patients identified in the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation. J Pain Res 2019;12:891–908. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[13] Gerdle B, Molander P, Stenberg G, Stalnacke BM, Enthoven P. Weak outcome predictors of multimodal rehabilitation at one-year follow-up in patients with chronic pain-a practice based evidence study from two SQRP centres. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016;17:490. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[14] Henderson MC, Smetana GW, Tierney LM. The patient history: An evidence-based approach to differential diagnosis. New York: McGraw-Hill Education LLC, 2012. [Google Scholar]

[15] Lemay KR, Tulloch HE, Pipe AL, Reed JL. Establishing the minimal clinically important difference for the hospital anxiety and depression scale in patients with cardiovascular disease. J Cardiopulmonary Rehabil Prev 2019;39:E6–E11. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[16] Marchand S. The phenomenon of pain: IASP Press, 2012. [Google Scholar]

[17] McCracken LM, Turk DC. Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral treatment for chronic pain - outcome, predictors of outcome, and treatment process. Spine 2002;27:2564–73. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[18] Nicholas M, Ushida T, Wallace M, Williams A, Wittink H, Edwards R, Rajagopal M, Kaiser U, Sluka K. Task force on multimodal pain treatment defines terms for chronic pain care: International Association for the Study of Pain, 2017. Available at: https://www.iasp-pain.org/PublicationsNews/NewsDetail.aspx?ItemNumber=6981. [Google Scholar]

[19] Pallant JF, Tennant A. An introduction to the Rasch measurement model: an example using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Br J Clin Psychol 2007;46:1–18. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[20] SBU. Metoder för behandling av långvarig smärta: En systematisk litteraturöversikt. V. 1. SBU-rapport, 1400-1403; 177:1. Stockholm: Statens beredning för medicinsk utvärdering (SBU), 2006. [Google Scholar]

[21] SBU. Rehabilitation of patients with chronic pain conditions. Vol 198. Stockholm: Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment (SBU), 2010. [Google Scholar]

[22] Sullivan M, Karlsson J, Ware JE, Jr. The Swedish SF-36 Health Survey--I. Evaluation of data quality, scaling assumptions, reliability and construct validity across general populations in Sweden. Soc Sci Med 1995;41:1349–58. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[23] Thomsen AB, Sorensen J, Sjogren P, Eriksen J. Economic evaluation of multidisciplinary pain management in chronic pain patients: a qualitative systematic review. J Pain Symptom Manage 2001;22:688–98. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[24] Tseli E, Boersma K, Stalnacke BM, Enthoven P, Gerdle B, Ang BO, Grooten WJA. Prognostic factors for physical functioning after multidisciplinary rehabilitation in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Pain 2019;35:148–73. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[25] Wilson EB. Probable inference, the law of succession, and statistical inference. J Am Stat Assoc 1927;22:209–12. [Google Scholar]


Page 2

Baseline description of patients stratified by sex and by the 3 care units.

Variables at baselineWomenMen
Unit 1, 68%, n = 118Unit 2, 72%, n = 33Unit 3, 71%, n = 67Unit 1, 32%, n = 56Unit 2, 28%, n = 13Unit 3, 29%, n = 27
%n%n%n%n%n%n
Education
 Primary school16%1727.3%98%517%927.27%312.5%3
 Upper secondary school56%6148.5%1648%2972%3954.55%670.8%17
 University28%3124.2%843%2611%618.18%216.7%4
Nordic origin (ref: non-Nordic)85%9991%3078%5184%4782%981%22
Persistent pain (ref: periodic)94%11088%2880%5288%4991%1074%20
Widespread pain (ACR) (ref: local or regional pain)89%10491%3075%5575%3291%1059%6
Total sickness benefits 75–100% (ref: 0–50%)57%6455%1724%1459%3254%628%7

First row: unit 1Second row: unit 2

Third row: unit 3

MinMedianMaxMinMedianMax
Age174671194264
194362334958
174069224159
Pain sites (0–36)0*143611034
214290†832
0‡9341736
Pain duration (mo)774406740345
764464854434
260383527370
Pain intensity (NRS)37102710
3710679
17101610
 Not improvable0% (n = 0)0% (n = 0)
Physical function550100558100
106090205595
1565100177090
 Not improvable2% (n = 5)1% (n = 1)
Social function050100038100
0501002550100
0501001350100
 Not improvable8% (n = 16)5% (n = 5)
Vitality0208502070
0258002580
0259053860
 Not improvable0% (n = 0)0% (n = 0)
Anxiety (HADS)010202918
391901016
19199517
 Not improvable2% (n = 5)2% (n = 2)
Depression (HADS)09211920
182129.518
08170618
 Not improvable2% (n = 4)2% (n = 2)